Articles
Publication Date: 2026
Entrepreneurship Education and Pedagogy (25151274)9(1)pp. 3-20
Entrepreneurship has traditionally been regarded as a skillset best suited for adults. However, recent research indicates that adolescents also possess entrepreneurial traits and may even exhibit higher levels of these skills than many adults. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Perceived Entrepreneurship Skills Scale (PESS) in adolescents. The study aimed to develop and validate the PESS in three phases. The first phase involved item generation and analysis, which resulted in the retention of 40 items (n = 100 participants). In the second phase, exploratory factor analysis was conducted, revealing 8 factors that emerged from the analysis (n = 233). In the third phase, the confirmatory factor analysis and validation of PESS were investigated with a sample of urban students in Iran, ranging from grade 7 to 12, with a total of 292 participants. The tool demonstrated good discriminant validity, indicating that it is an effective measure of perceived entrepreneurship skills in adolescents, and adequate convergent validity. The PESS has significant implications for researchers, school counselors and psychologists, policymakers, and stakeholders. © The Author(s) 2024
Gomari M.M.,
Ghantabpour T.,
Pourgholam N.,
Rostami N.,
Hatfield S.M.,
Namazifar F.,
Abkhiz S.,
Eslami S.S.,
Ramezanpour M.,
Darestanifarahani M.,
Astsaturov I.,
Bencherif S.A.,
Fooladvand, M.,
Nadi, M.,
Abedi, A.,
Sajjadian, I. Publication Date: 2025
Cancer Communications (25233548)(5)pp. 529-571
Despite significant advancements in cancer treatment, current therapies often fail to completely eradicate malignant cells. This shortfall underscores the urgent need to explore alternative approaches such as cancer vaccines. Leveraging the immune system's natural ability to target and kill cancer cells holds great therapeutic potential. However, the development of cancer vaccines is hindered by several challenges, including low stability, inadequate immune response activation, and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, which limit their efficacy. Recent progress in various fields, such as click chemistry, nanotechnology, exosome engineering, and neoantigen design, offer innovative solutions to these challenges. These achievements have led to the emergence of smart vaccine platforms (SVPs), which integrate protective carriers for messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) with functionalization strategies to optimize targeted delivery. Click chemistry further enhances SVP performance by improving the encapsulation of mRNA antigens and facilitating their precise delivery to target cells. This review highlights the latest developments in SVP technologies for cancer therapy, exploring both their opportunities and challenges in advancing these transformative approaches. © 2025 The Author(s). Cancer Communications published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. on behalf of Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center.
