Today, the interface between the brain and the computer can be designed using intelligent tools. This two-way communication that is named the Brain-computer interface can make new changes in the world of science. Today, with the development of smartphones, the use of applications and social networks has formed an important part of people's communication. Therefore, the tools must be designed in such a way as to cover the needs of all members of society. For example, for improving the quality of living of aged people, they need to use these facilities with other people. So designing intelligence tools should be such that they can be implemented with the mental decision of people. Also as aging has some effects on activities of daily routines or the human body and their brains, it's important to settle the difficulties in communicating, walking, drive safely, the lifestyle of people, and their health. In this research, the challenging discussion of the effect of a brain-computer interface technology on aged people's life system is discussed and the role of the user interface is examined. Also, deep learning is one of the most important algorithms to make the patterns of subjects. Robots to feed elderly people, intelligent wheelchairs that are controlled by mental decisions, applications to make decisions and help to memorizing information for elderly people with Alzheimer, cameras to synthesize eye movements for aged people with vision disorder people, devices that help to make decisions for elderly people who have had a stroke and getting communication disorders, are high-tech devices that help to people who are suffering from cognition errors or physical disability. The BCI applications which are based on deep learning algorithms can monitor brain activity. They have programmed signals that can make better decisions in different situations and can help to decrease the decision timing and improve the level of confidence and create a balance between different levels of people in society. Creating a balance between people improves the level of quality in every society and helps to increase the healthy life in society. In this chapter, we explore the relationship between the BCI applications which are based on deep learning algorithms and their applications for elderly people.
The development of eco-friendly and efficient processes via one-pot multicomponent synthesis is a very attractive topic. In this work, the Erlenmeyer-Plochl azlactone synthesis was carried out through unique, safe, fast and practical conditions without any catalyst, applying a simple microreactor and gave the corresponding products exclusively. A continuous, first microflow synthesis of N-benzoylglycine carbamide derivatives as AT-130 analogues catalyzed by NafionH@SPIONs was also established successfully.
4,4'-Oxydiphthalic anhydride (1) was reacted with L-isoleucine (2) in acetic acid and the resulting imide-acid (3) was obtained in high yield. The diacid chloride 4 was obtained from diacid derivative (3) by reaction with excess thionyl chloride. The polycondensation reaction of diacid chloride 4 with several aromatic diamines such as 4,4'-sulphonyldianiline (5a), 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl methane (5b), 4,4'-diaminodiphenylether (5c), p-phenylenediamine (5d), m-phenylenediamine (5e), and 4,4'-diaminobiphenyl (5f) was accomplished by two conventional methods: low temperature solution polycondensation and short period reflux conditions. In order to evaluate conventional solution polycondensation reaction methods with microwave-assisted polycondensation, the reactions were also carried out under microwave conditions in the presence of small amount of o-cresol that acts as a primary microwave absorber. The reaction mixture was irradiated for 6 min with 100% of radiation power. A series of new optically active poly(amide-imide)s (PAIs) with inherent viscosity ranging from 0.22-0.44 dL/g has been prepared with high yield. All of the above polymers were fully characterized by FTIR, elemental analyses and specific rotation techniques.
The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence and patterns of handball injuries during Asian men's championship 2008. Data were collected by injury report form that complete by researcher and video analysis. A total of 69 injuries were reported from the 26 matches, which is equivalent to an incidence of 195 injuries per 1000 match hours or 2.65 injuries per match. Back players (300.4 injuries per 1000 match hours) significantly more injured than other players (chi(2)=14.828; p=.002). Most of the injuries occurred in lower extremity (46%) than other body parts (chi(2)=17.319; p=.001). most injuries occurred in the last 10 minutes of the second half (33%) (chi(2)=22.391; p<.001). Also most injury occurred in second half (74%) than first half (26%). The majority of injuries were caused by contact with another player, only 18.8% were non-contact injuries. 68% of the contact injuries were caused by direct contact and 32% by non-direct contact, the differences were significant (chi(2)=6.333; p=.012). This study shows factors such as time elapse of the game and player position can be affected player injuries and these factors should be considered by medical staff and coaches for design prophylactics programs.
Background. Pyogenic granuloma is a common benign skin tumor. The multiple disseminated form of the disease is relatively rare. Methods. We examined three patients who developed giant pyogenic granuloma after burns from boiling milk. The patients were a 1.5-year-old boy, a 5-year-old girl, and a 35-year-old woman, All three patients had second-degree burns over their face and trunk. Results. In these patients, pyogenic granuloma had developed over the previously burned areas 2-3 weeks after exposure. The general condition of the patients remained good and all lesions involuted spontaneously. In a B-month follow-up period no relapse of the lesions was seen. Conclusions. The cause for development of multiple giant pyogenic granulomas after burns from milk remains unknown, but milk proteins or other components of milk, microorganisms, or the burn itself may be causative factors.
There is a growing acceptance that general purpose parallel computing requires the use of a scalable shared memory environment. The Cray T3D, IBM SP2 and Intel Paragon message passing machines support a scalable interconnect for up to 100's or 1000's of processors, with linear increases in bisection bandwidth as the number of processors grow. Supporting a shared address space on these machines results in a two-level memory hierarchy, in which data are either local or shared across the machine. The next few years will see a trend towards cache coherent multiprocessors, using the techniques employed by machines such as the KSR (cach-only memory) and the DASH (distributed directories). This will simplify the programming model by processoring a single level memory hierarchy. This paper describes a highly scalable caching technique, which is targeted at a weakly coherent form of shared memory, supported by the WPRAM computational model. (A processor wishing to read newly written shared data must explicitly synchronize in some way with the writer of that data). The example provides supports coherency for barrier synchronisation operation, but can be extended to other forms. A case study using the simplex method for linear programming is given. Results are based on a simulation of a scalable distributed memory machine.
Osteoarthritis is considered as the most common joint disease of humans and one of the most common causes of chronic disability among elderly people in the developed countries. The main objective of the present research was to determine the impact of 8 weeks of the combined exercises on the balance and the amount of pain of patients with knee osteoarthritis. 15 patients with knee arthritis were selected purposefully and in form of convenience and they participated in this research. The patients implemented the Training Protocol of walking in water and land and the knee locking and the front thigh exercises for 8 weeks. Dynamic balance (Y test) and pain (McGill questionnaire) of patients with knee arthritis were measured and evaluated before and after eight weeks of combined exercises. The data were analyzed by use of the t-dependent (P<0.05). In the dynamic balance of patients with knee arthritis, there was significant difference regarding the anterior side between before-exercises (39.9 7.2) and after-exercises (50.7 6.8), regarding the internal posterior side between before-exercises (28.8 9.2) and after-exercises (38.0 8.7), regarding the external posterior direction between before-exercises (37.5 7.2) and after-exercises (44.4 7.4). (P<0.05). Regarding sense perception of pain by patients, there was significant difference between before-exercises (2.2 0.6) and after-exercises (1.8 0.5), regarding the emotional perception of pain by patients between before-exercises (1.5 0.3) and after-exercises (1.2 0.3) and on perceiving variety of pain by patients between before-(2.1 0.8) and after-practices (1.8 0.7) (P<0.05). From the findings of the present research we can conclude that the hydrotherapy exercises combined with exercises on land can cause to improve the dynamic balance and the pain of patients with knee arthritis; therefore we can recommend it as a modality for these patients.
During studies on bulking of activated sludge some new sulphur micro-organisms, which were able to grow aerobically and anaerobically on reduced sulphur compounds, were isolated on thiosulphate agar. These were capable of autotrophic and heterotrophic growth on a wide range of substrates. In view of their ability to oxidize reduced sulphur compounds, and because one of them was an oxidase- and catalase-positive, Gram-negative, motile coccus (0.36-0.48 .mu.m) it was named Thiosphaera persica. The second one was an oxidase- and catalase-positive, Gram-negative, motile rod (1.32-1.80 .mu.m) and was named Thiobacillus persica. The third one was oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, motile, Gram-negative and polymorphic and was named Sulphobacter polymorpha.
We study the set of all determinants of adjacency matrices of graphs with a given number of vertices. Using Brendan McKay's data base of small graphs, determinants of graphs with at most 9 vertices are computed so that the number of non-isomorphic graphs with given vertices whose determinants are all equal to a number is exhibited in a table. Using an idea of M. Newman, it is proved that if G is a graph with n vertices, m edges and {d(1,...,)d(n))} is the set of vertex degrees of G, then gcd(2m, d(2)) divides the determinant of the adjacency matrix of G, where d = gcd(d(1,...,)d(n)). Possible determinants of adjacency matrices of graphs with exactly two cycles are obtained.
Responding to compliments is intellectually demanding on the part of the receiver since a balance should be made in order for not rejecting the addressor's compliment and not praising one's self. In this study an attempt has been made to shed light on compliment responses produced by Iranian EFL speakers as well as by the native speakers of American English in oral communicative contexts through naturalistic role-play tasks and retrospective interviews. The results revealed that the L2 participants differed from native speakers in different aspects. In addition to the shortage of cultural background, the lack of knowledge on linguistic forms could be regarded as the factors impacting the way the participants responded to compliments. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
To many scholars, textbooks are considered as one of the most crucial factors in EFL settings and play a vital role in language learning classes in all educational contexts. The attempt of this study is to analyze Inside Reading textbook series in terms of layout and coherence. Twenty male and female EFL teachers who had been teaching these series were selected to be interviewed about their ideas on these textbooks. The results showed that 5 out of the total 16 reading texts were in the area of students' interest since the topics were concerned with culture, society, tradition, and history. Three of the texts were reported not to be of interest to students from their instructors' attitudes due to the fact that they were both about unfamiliar topics that students did not have any content information about and were not related to the students' cultural, social or historical background. Almost all mentioned reading texts were perceived very intriguing and considered apt for students' level of comprehension and vice versa. Of all the visual aids used some considered to be highly purposeful; however, two of them, among all, as stated by teachers, were not useful. The style of written format as well as the font size of the reading texts were seen particularly suitable for learners too..
Gamma rays associated with the decay of states in Ag-102 nucleus have been identified, sixty-four of them for the first time following the reaction Cr-50 (Fe-56, 3pn) Ag-102 at a mean energy of 195 MeV. Identification was made using an array of nine, escape-suppressed Ge detectors coupled to a Daresbury Recoil Separator. Excited states in Ag-102 were identified using recoil-gamma and gamma-gamma. coincidences. From the intensity balance and the coincidence data, a new set of levels was identified which may be interpreted as the reminiscent of three quasiparticle bands in neighboring odd-mass nuclei and similar to a four quasi-particle band observed in Ag-106.
Let R be the finite chain ring R = F-pm [u]/< u(4)>, where p is a prime and m is a positive integer. In this work, we give a complete classification of (1 + alpha u(2))-constacyclic codes of length p(k) over R, where alpha is a nonzero element of F-pm. We also completely determine self-dual such codes and enumerate them. Finally we discuss on Gray-maps on R which preserve self-duality, and also discuss on the images of self-dual constacyclic codes under these Gray maps. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
One of the most common diseases in the world is diabetes for which no certain cure has been found yet; the only promising way for these patients to survive is to take care. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) is one of the most important indicators of diabetes. But its test is not feasible for the public and requires preparations before implementation. In this study, the prediction of fasting blood sugar (FBS) is considered as a strategy for predicting diabetes for the first time. This study presents a model for prediction of FBS from other factors in blood test of the people. The proposed model, best feature is selected using sine-cosine optimization algorithm; in the second phase, uses neural network (NN) for prediction. In fact, the idea behind this study is to improve sine-cosine algorithm in selecting the features of dataset derived from diabetic patients of Isfahan city which has not been conducted so far. The prediction results of three different neural networks (with training and supervision, without supervision and semi-supervision) showed that multilayer perceptron NN managed to predict FBS with error less than 0.0017.
Today, spatial analysis is one of the important issues of urban planners and practices. The spatial equilibrium in the public services of city reflects a well-organized and desirable urban structure that has expanded the city's public services and utilities appropriately for the residents of the city. The city of Nowsud, one of the border towns of Iran with a population of about 1800 people and according to its sensitive regional situation, needs attention to the urban structure and the provision of public needs so that citizens will be satisfied with them and will require people to stay more in the city. The purpose of this paper is to examine how the level and per capita of the city's public services are distributed and supplied. Educational spaces, green spaces, cultural space, etc. are important elements in the formation of urban neighborhoods and its bone structure. The research method is development method in terms of purpose and is descriptive and analectic in terms of the value and in order to measure the spatial distribution of applications. Williamson coefficients and Shannon entropy models as well as GIS ARC software were used to provide more detailed maps and analyzes. The results of the research show that the city of Nowsud is composed of two old and new main neighborhoods in its spatial structure. The population of the old neighborhood is about one-third of the city's population, with a very high population density than the average of the city. But it should be noted that the placement of most public utilities and services in the new neighborhood is new so that so that the new neighborhood which is in the southern of the city, faces a surplus in per capita and the old neighborhood (the northern part of the city) faces with a huge shortage in per capita. Also, many land uses are not properly located due to their functional radius, which indicates the unfair spatial distribution of land uses as well as the inefficient spatial organization of this city, that finally, some suggestions have been presented to address it.
This study aims to compare American and Persian complaint realizations. Fifty five Persian university students complaint utterances were collected via a Discourse Completion Test (DCT) containing eight scenarios and were later coded in terms of seven major categories: opting out, no explicit reproach, indirect complaint, indirect accusation, direct complaint, request for repair and threat. Participants were also interviewed after answering to DCT about their strategy use. General findings showed that Persian complaint realizations are significantly different from those of Americans. Also, findings indicated that Americans used more indirect complaint (IC) and request for repair (RR) but Persians preferred more direct complaint (DC) and indirect accusation (IA) strategies under identical circumstances. The qualitative findings reassured the quantitative results indicating that the speech act of complaint was realized differently through following different sociocultural norms.
A theoretical study is carried out on the effect of non-dipole interactions on the electron spin dynamics in the asymmetric diatomic HeH2+ in its first excited state in intense linearly polarized laser fields. The Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation is used to solve the Dirac equation numerically without BOA. Effects of the phase of the laser pulse and alignment of the molecule on the relativistic characteristics, such as the pure spin and the pure spin-orbit current densities, spin-orbit force and spin torque, are investigated. The results of this study demonstrate that population oscillates between the two spin states during the course of interaction and its configuration depends on the molecular axis orientation and initial phase of the laser pulse. Also, a small polarization takes place in the spin states, even in the absence of the spin-orbit coupling. Furthermore, spin and spin-orbit current densities are phase-dependent and affected differently by the phase of the laser pulse.
Background: Recognizing the factors related to psychological disorders such as depression, stress, anxiety, and other related problems in a mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) can be helpful in designing more effective treatment protocols. This study aimed at examining the effect of some prevalent psychological issues on predicting the quality of life of the MTBI patients. Methods: In this descriptive correlational study, 322 MTBI patients (mean age, 38.8 +/- 10.8 years) who had admitted to the emergency and neurosurgery departments of Kashan Shahid Beheshti Hospital during April-July 2017 were selected using the convenient sampling method. Data were collected using the quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire (as a dependent variable), mental fatigue questionnaire, and depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21). Finally, the data were analyzed in SPSS-23 by multiple regression analysis. Results: The results of the study showed that the regression model was significant (P < 0.001), in which 43% of total changes in the quality of life in MTBI patients were predicted by mental fatigue, depression, stress, anxiety, and gender. Conclusion: The findings of this study show that there is a negative relationship between psychological factors and quality of life among the MBTI patients. Thus, it is suggested to design more specific psychological-based rehabilitation programs with regard to gender differences to improve the quality of life among these patients after discharging from the hospital.
In this research, the capability of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is evaluated by applying support vector machine (SVM) model to separate polyvinyl chloride (PVC) from other polymers in the recycling process. In our experiment; just single-shot spectrum for each sample was recorded to reach fast LIBS-based technique in a real situation in the recycling factory. Plasma emission of five kinds of waste polymers, including polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), was recorded in the air atmosphere. Relative intensities of C-2/C and N/C were selected as input variables for SVM, and then, Radial Basis and Polynomial kernel function and linear function were applied in SVM to classify recorded data related to different kinds of polymers. With polynomial kernel function of degree 2, polymers were separated correctly with an accuracy of 90.5 %. The results of this research demonstrated that the coupling of LIBS with the non-linear SVM method has great potential to be used for on-line, fast, and accurate classification of polymer samples in the recycling process.
In this paper we provide sufficient condition for existence of a unique Hilbert valued (H-valued) periodically correlated solution to the first order autoregressive model X-n = rho X-n(n-1) + Z(n), for n is an element of Z, and formulate the existing solution and its autocovariance operator. Also we specially investigate equivalent condition for the coordinate process < X-n, v >, for arbitrary element v in H, to satisfy in some autoregressive model. Finally, we extend our result to the autoregressive process with finite order.
