Publication Date: 2022
Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics (18726976)98
Exercise can alleviate the disorders considered as the normal consequences of aging. Whether or not the treadmill endurance training affects the biochemical markers in the Parkinson's disease model rats after the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) injection is assessed in this article. The experimental groups of N=8 rats consist of 1) Saline and Young sedentary (S-Young); 2) Saline and Old sedentary (S-Old); 3) Young and 6-OHDA without exercise (Y); 4) Young and 6-OHDA with exercise (YE); 5) Old and 6-OHDA without exercise (O); and 6) Old and 6-OHDA with exercise (OE). An 8 μg of 6-OHDA is injected into the right MFB. The rotation due to apomorphine, weight variation, and some biochemical expression are measured in the rats’ striatum. Exposure to 6-OHDA: increase weight loss by (%8) and rotation by (%90), reduce the protein levels of Bdnf by (30%), Th by (43%), and Tfam by (24%), in aging rats (P<0.05). The P53 level rose after the injection compared with the same Saline group (Old rats: 27% and Young rats: 14%), the highest in the O group. The findings indicate that endurance exercise amends the mitochondrial parameters and the apomorphine-induced rotation impairments in the presence of 6-OHDA injection. These positive effects of treadmill running in unilateral 6-OHDA lesioned rat model are age-dependent and are more significant in younger rats. © 2021
Bagheri, E.,
Marandi, S.M.,
Ghasemi, N.,
Rezaee, Z. Publication Date: 2021
Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (27832031)42(6)pp. 737-744
Background: Multiple Sclerosis is a myelin destroyer disease, which physical activity can be effective in improving it. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of swimming on oligodendrocytic cells and myelin tissue in rat brain of the Cuprizone model of MS disease is investigated. Methods: In this study, 21 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into Control groups, Cuprizone and Swim + Cuprizone. For the induction of MS, Cuprizone 0.6% were gavaged for one month. The group of Swim + Cuprizone swam at the same time with gavage. The training program included 4 weeks of swimming for 5 sessions per week and 30 minutes. Immunohistochemistry technique was used to determine the percentage of immature and mature oligodendrocytes and Luxol fast blue solution for evaluation of myelin density. Image j software and One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the findings. Results: The mean percentage of immature and mature oligodendrocytes and myelin density in the Swim+Cuprizone group was significantly higher than that of the Cuprizone group (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Swimming decreases destruction of the oligodendrocytes and myelin cells due to Cuprizone. © 2020 The Author.
Publication Date: 2020
Neurotoxicity Research (14763524)38(4)pp. 850-858
Exercise exerts helpful effects in Parkinson’s disease. In this study, the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) injection was used to investigate the effect of exercise on apomorphine-induced rotation and neurorestoration. Rats (n = 32) were divided into four groups: (1) Saline+Noexercise (Sham); (2) 6-OHDA+Noexercise (6-OHDA); (3) Saline+Exercise (S+EXE), and (4) 6-OHDA+Exercise (6-OHDA+EXE). The rats were administered 8 μg 6-OHDA by injection into the right medial forebrain bundle. After 2 weeks, the exercise group was run (14 consecutive days, 30 min per day). One month after the surgery, following the injection of apomorphine, the 6-OHDA group displayed a significant increase in rotation and the 6-OHDA+EXE group showed a significant reduction of rotational asymmetry (P < 0.001). 6-OHDA injection reduced the mRNA and protein expression of the AMP-activated protein kinase, brain-derived neurotropic factor, and tyrosine hydroxylase in relation to the Sham group and exercise increased these levels. Expression of the silent information regulator 2 homolog 1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha was unexpectedly enhanced in the 6-OHDA groups in relation to the Sham group. These findings suggest that the 6-OHDA injection increased the neurodegeneration and mitochondrial and behavioral dysfunctions and the treadmill running attenuated these disorders in the ipsilateral striatum of the 6-OHDA+EXE group. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Publication Date: 2020
Koomesh (23453699)22(3)pp. 556-562
Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by progressive dopamine depletion in the striatum, and leads to mitochondrial and motor disorders. The present study investigated the effect of moderate endurance training on motor disorder and mRNA expression of PPAR-γ, PGC-1α and BDNF in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model of PD Materials and Methods: Thirty two male Wistar rats were divided into 4 eqaul groups: 1. Vehicle (Sham), 2. Vehicle + endurance training, 3. 6-OHDA and 4. 6-OHDA + endurance training. The PD model obtained by unilateral injection of 6-OHDA (8µg/2µl) into the medial forebrain bundle, and the sham group recevied vehicle alone. Two weeks after the surgery, endurance training groups ran on a treadmill 30 min per day for 30 days. Six weeks after the surgery, the rat’s rotations due to apomorphine injection and hippocampal mRNA expression of PPAR-γ, PGC-1α and BDNF were analyzed using Real Time-PCR. Results: 6-OHDA lesioned rats showed increased rotations (P≤0.001), decreased expression of PPAR-γ and BDNF mRNA and compensatory increased in PGC-1α mRNA. Edurance training improved both behavioural and molecular changes. Conclusion: It seems that endurance training can reduce motor disorder and defects in expression of the mitochondrial factors in Parkinson’s disease. © 2020, Semnan University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2019
Neurotoxicity Research (14763524)35(4)pp. 908-917
Metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in Parkinson’s disease, while exercise can induce essential pathways of mitochondrial biogenesis. Here, we tested whether long-term preventive treadmill training (16 weeks, 21 m/min, and 0° inclinations for 50 min/d, 5 d/week) effects the mitochondrial and neurodegeneration markers, in the striatum of rats in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) model of Parkinson’s disease. Following 16 weeks of exercise or no exercise period (n = 16 rats per group), the animals were divided into four experimental groups (n = 8 per group): (1) no exercise and saline (SED), (2) exercise and saline (EX), (3) no exercise and 6-OHDA (SED + 6-OHDA), and (4) exercise and 6-OHDA (EX + 6-OHDA). For the model, 8 μg of 6-OHDA (2 μg/μL prepared in a solution of 0.2% ascorbic acid and 0.9% saline) was injected into the right medial forebrain bundle. Exposure to 6-OHDA resulted in a significant reduction (P < 0.05) of mitochondrial factors AMP-activated protein kinase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha, and tyrosine hydroxylase, and increased expression of silent information regulator T1, mitochondrial transcription factor A, and p53 in the SED + 6-OHDA group relative to SED group. By contrast, gene and protein expressions upon exercise were higher and p53 protein level was lower in the EX + 6-OHDA group compared with SED + 6-OHDA. Further, exercise reduced the extent of weight loss associated with the 6-OHDA injection. In conclusion, exercise might be used to reduce mitochondrial disorders in Parkinson’s disease. © 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Publication Date: 2019
Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism (17155312)44(12)pp. 1267-1275
Parkinson’s disease is characterized by neurodegeneration and learning deficiency. Physical exercise can alleviate these symptoms by increasing the expression of some effective and relevant factors. The preventive effect of 16-week treadmill running in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease, before 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induction, was assessed. Experimental groups consisted of sedentary (SED), SED+6-OHDA, exercised (EX), and EX+6-OHDA rats. Forty-eight hours after the last session of exercise, 6-OHDA was injected into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB). One week after the injection, behavioral tests, including spatial learning and memory, were assessed through Morris water maze (MWM) and apomorphine-induced rotation. Three weeks after the injection, mRNA expression and protein levels of the transcriptional co-activator peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator-1α (PGC-1α), fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) were measured in the striatum and the hippocampus of rats by applying real-time PCR and Western blotting. The findings indicate that exposure to 6-OHDA leads to impairments in behavioral and molecular functions. Exercise training prevents and reduces the symptoms caused by dopamine toxins. The results suggest that treadmill running can exert neuroprotective and have preventive effects to reduce Parkinson’s disease symptoms. Novelty • Parkinson’s disease impairs spatial learning and memory. • Parkinson’s disease reduced levels of PGC-1α, FNDC5, and BDNF and increased neurodegeneration in the striatum and the hippocampus. • Treadmill running before disease attenuated 6-OHDA-induced memory deficit and elevated neuroprotection. • Exercise has multiple effects on memory and biochemical factors. © 2019, Canadian Science Publishing. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2015
Genetics in the Third Millennium (24237159)12(4)pp. 3806-3822
Neurotrophins have been recognized as the main trophic factors in the nervous system. They are a broad family of polypeptide growth factors and the main factors responsible for the modulation of synaptic development. They share a common basic structure but in certain areas which connect to their specific receptors. Thus, they execute different actions triggering survival or apoptosis pathways. One way to increase the activity of neurotrophins in different synapses and neurons is increasing the number of respective receptors on the cell surface. The main member of this family is Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor that is constructed by neurons, especially those located in the hippocampus and cortex which are involved in learning and memory. Thereby, its expression is regulated by central neurotransmitter and peripheral hormones. Many of the brain abilities to adapt or change in response to experiences or the environment depend on the synaptic neuronal plasticity and connections. However, the molecular mechanisms that translate neuronal activity patterns for specific changes in synapses are not clearly understood. © 2014, Iranian Neurogenetics Society. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2015
Genetics in the Third Millennium (24237159)12(4)pp. 3778-3793
Neurotrophins are the major growth factors in the nervous system although the exact mechanisms underlying their effects have remained obscure. Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is a critical neurotrophine for learning, memory, and neuronal plasticity. Moreover, it exerts an important role in controlling neuronal disorders and genetic diseases such as Alzheimer, Parkinson, depression, epilepsy, etc. Although there is am abundance of conflicting data in this regard, it has been reported that brain considerably responds to exercise, which results in significant changes in the anatomical, molecular, and cellular level of the body. Findings suggest that exercise and activity help to maintain cognitive function and brain structure, especially due to aging. Brain plasticity that is controlled by BDNF can be the basis of the beneficial effects of exercise on the brain health. The present study discusses different molecular effects of BDNF and the effect of exercise on the expression of this factor and controlling related diseases. © 2014, Iranian Neurogenetics Society. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2014
Journal of Isfahan Medical School (10277595)32(278)
Background: Physical activity without appropriate recovery causes structural damage to the muscles. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cold water immersion and passive recovery after anaerobic performance on muscle damage indices and blood cell count. Methods: The participants were ten trained female swimmers from Isfahan University of Technology with the mean age of 17.8 ± 2.2 years. First, they did the 100 meters front crawl in two separate days with 1-week distance. Then, they participated in one of the two methods of recovery intervention including 15 minute sitting beside the pool (passive or PAS) or cold water immersion (CWI) in 23° C. Afterwards, both methods were followed by 45 minutes sitting beside the pool. Leukocyte profile and venous blood markers of muscle damage including creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were also measured pre-exercise and 1 and 24 hours post-exercise. Repeated measure and LSD were used for data analysis. Findings: One hour after CWI, the mean level of CK significantly decreased and it was not any change in leukocytes, neutrophils and monocytes compared to PAS. One hour after CWI, LDH significantly increased comparing pre-exercise. All of these factors except CK, recovered to base measures after 24 hours. Conclusion: It seems that after anaerobic performance, CWI can reduce damage and leukocytes count and improve recovery conditions.
Publication Date: 2025
Advanced Biomedical Research (22779175)14(1)
Background: At present, increasing evidence has reported circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) as potential clinical biomarkers for specific diseases and administration of pharmaceutical agents. The main aim of this study was to compare the effect of two selected home-based resistance exercise (HBRE) and game-based exercise training (GBET) groups on microRNA21-5p expression and biomarkers related to non-alcoholic fatty liver in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Materials and Methods: Twenty children with T1D aged 10-15 years were randomly assigned to one of two groups (HBRE: n = 10; GBET: n = 10). The exercise training lasted for 8 weeks with three sessions per week. The liver enzyme profile, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), glucose, microRNA-21-5p, insulin, and Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were measured before and after the interventions in both groups. In addition, the cardiopulmonary fitness and body fat percentage (BF%) of the participants were also evaluated. Results: After exercise interventions, miR-21-5p increased significantly for both intervention groups (HBRE: 8.9% vs. GBET: 6.7%; P = 0.001). The levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) (HBRE: 60.71% vs. GBET: 49.15%) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzymes (HBRE: 54.02% vs. GBET: 34.02%), the glucose (HBRE: 15.03% vs. GBET: 16.26%), and the HbA1c (HBRE: -10.44% vs. GBET: -6.52%) were decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.05). The cardiorespiratory endurance of subjects increased (HBRE: 2.85% vs. GBET: 3.75%), but there were no differences between groups (P ≥ 0.05). Conclusions: Both HBRE and GBET protocols were effective to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, liver enzyme profile, glycemic control, and miR-21-5p changes that seem to be indicative of the pathological status of T1D children. © 2025 Advanced Biomedical Research.
Publication Date: 2025
Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism (23454008)24(6)pp. 356-365
Background: Clinical studies have demonstrated that diabetes, as a metabolic disorder, can significantly impact the quality of life of individuals affected by the condition. Physical activity has been identified as a potentially effective therapeutic intervention for managing diabetes in these individuals. This study examined the correlation between serum levels of GLP-1 and the hormones thyroxine, TSH, insulin, glucose, HbA1c, VO2max, as well as various anthropometric indicators after eight weeks of calisthenics exercises. Methods: This semi-experimental study involved 14 sedentary children with type 1 diabetes, averaging 12.42±1.28 years, selected through non-random sampling. The participants performed calisthenics exercises for eight weeks (three sessions per week). Physiological assessments and blood samples were collected 48 hours before and after the training period. The relationship was analyzed using Pearson's correlation test, and intra-group changes were assessed using paired t-tests. Results: The findings demonstrated a positive and significant correlation between GLP-1 and insulin both before (r= 0.703, P= 0.005) and after the exercise intervention (r= 0.668, P= 0.009). Additionally, an inverse and significant correlation was observed between GLP-1 and waist circumference (WC) levels before (r= 0.633, P= 0.019) and after exercise (r= 0.575, P= 0.043), as well as between GLP-1 and body fat percentage after exercise (r= 0.676, P= 0.007). In terms of intra-group changes, the results indicated a significant increase in GLP-1, insulin, and VO2max, along with a significant decrease in WC. Conclusion: The findings of this study show that engaging in calisthenics exercises can be effective in reducing the negative effects of type 1 diabetes and increasing the health of diabetic children. © 2025 Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism and Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Published by Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
Publication Date: 2024
Asian Journal Of Sports Medicine (20087209)15(2)
Background: Microvascular changes and precursors of atherosclerosis are frequently observed in young patients with earlyonset type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Due to their known beneficial effects, physical activity is strongly recommended for its management. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of eight weeks of organized exercise (OE) and non-organized leisure time activity (NOLTA) on determinants of cardiovascular disease and physical fitness in children with type 1 diabetes. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 20 children with T1DM were randomly divided into two groups of 10: OE (n = 10, mean age = 12.60 ± 1.34 years) and NOLTA (n = 10, mean age = 12.40 ± 0.84 years). Subjects in both groups participated in their respective activities 3 days per week. Blood samples and physiological measurements were taken 48 hours before and after the 8-week training period. Results: High-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and physical fitness factors increased significantly in both exercise groups. Fasting blood glucose, C-reactive protein, and the cholesterol/HDL ratio were also significantly reduced in both groups. Waist circumference, glycosylated hemoglobin, and the LDL/HDL ratio were significantly reduced only in the OE group. However, the decrease in the acute phase protein pentraxin 3 was minimal and statistically insignificant. Conclusions: In children and adolescents with T1DM, regular exercise—due to its anti-inflammatory effects and its ability to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, lipid profile, and blood glucose levels—may help reduce the severity and likelihood of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. © 2024, Nazari and Minasian.
Publication Date: 2024
Asian Journal Of Sports Medicine (20087209)15(1)
Context: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) plays a crucial role in regulating oxidative phosphorylation and energy utilization, both of which are diminished in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is well established that exercise, as one of the significant modifiable lifestyle factors, is associated with the expression and activity of PPAR-γ-controlled genes. Evidence Acquisition: In this systematic review, we conducted comprehensive searches across various databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, for relevant literature published between January 2000 and May 2022. This study focused on published articles (in-vivo and human) in English. This review encompasses 16 studies (4 involving humans and 12 involving animals). Results: The findings from 14 studies indicated that various types of exercise programs, including regular exercise, resistance exercise, swimming, climbing, and treadmill running, effectively improved PPAR-γ levels in individuals with T2DM, obese populations, and healthy subjects. Only two studies reported no significant improvement in PPAR-γ levels following physical activity. Notably, all studies involving subjects with T2DM showed improved PPAR-γ levels after exercise training. Conclusions: Upon comparing various types of exercise training, the collected data suggest that all forms of aerobic exercise, regardless of their type and duration, have the potential to up-regulate PPAR-γ messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression. This study lays the foundation for further research into the association between different types of exercise training and PPAR-γ levels/activity across various human populations. However, given the limited number of human studies, further high-quality research is necessary to draw firm conclusions. © 2023, Nazari et al.
Publication Date: 2023
Life Sciences (18790631)332
In type 1 diabetes (T1D), pancreatic beta cells are destroyed by the immune system, causing chronic hyperglycemia and micro and macrovascular complications. However, some people experience a ‘honeymoon’ phase (or partial remission) after being diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. During this phase, a substantial amount of insulin is still produced by the pancreas, helping to reduce blood sugar levels and the requirement for external insulin. The clinical significance of this phase lies in the potential for pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions during this time frame to either slow down or arrest beta-cell destruction. Clearly, we need to continue researching novel therapies like immunomodulatory agents, but we also need to look at potentially effective therapies with acceptable side effects that can serve as a complement to the medicines currently being studied. Physical activity and exercise, regardless of its type, is one of the factors its impact on the control of diabetes is being investigated and promising results have been achieved. Although there are still limited reports in this regard, there is some evidence to suggest that regular physical exercise could prolong the honeymoon period in both adults and children. In this review, having described the immune base of type 1 diabetes, we outline the benefits of exercise on the general health of individuals with T1D. Moreover, we centered on the honeymoon and current evidence suggesting the effects of physical activity and exercise on this phase duration. © 2023 Elsevier Inc.
Publication Date: 2022
Iranian Journal Of Basic Medical Sciences (20083874)26(8)pp. 1016-1020
Objective(s): Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting sensory and motor function in the central nervous system. Physical activities in the prevention and treatment of such conditions have shown promising results. However, their mechanisms of action have not been fully known yet and need further study. The present study aimed to evaluate the preventive effect of swimming exercise on some liver factors involved in inflammation and MS. Materials and Methods: In this study, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis was induced in C57BL/6 mice, and the effect of a 6-week swimming exercise on the levels of fetuin-A, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in their liver tissue was investigated by western blot analysis and NAD+ colorimetric assay. Results: The study showed that EAE induction substantially (3.5 - fold) enhanced the fetuin-A levels and caused a reduction in AMPK and NAD+ amount. This is when doing 6 weeks of swimming exercise reduced fetuin-A to slightly above control. Also, levels of AMPK and NAD+ markedly increased in C57BL/6 mice with EAE. Conclusion: Doing regular exercise may limit the body’s inflammatory responses and reduce the severity of MS by regulating the expression of fetuin-A and increasing AMPK and NAD+ levels in liver tissue. © 2022 Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2022
International Journal Of Preventive Medicine (20088213)13(1)
Background: Some circulating microRNAs, such as miR15b, are predictors of diseases associated with adulthood obesity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two selected school-based and high-intensity interval training (HIT) on miR15b expression and lipid profile of obese adolescents. Methods: Thirty-eight adolescent males (12 ± 1 years) with obesity (body mass: 74.7 ± 13.2 kg, body mass index (BMI): 26.0 ± 2.3 kg/m 2, and body fat (BF): 27.2 ± 3.6%) were randomly assigned to the following based on the age-related body mass index: (i) HIT (n = 13), (ii) school-based exercises (SBE, n = 13), and (iii) control (n = 12) groups. Mir15b was extracted using the RT-PCR system, and lipid profile was studied using the enzymatic colorimetric method before and after 12 weeks. Three training sessions were held each week during the course. Results: Following the exercise interventions, in both training groups, miR15b (HIT: -63.8 vs. SBE: -56. 7%; P = 0.001), cholesterol (HIT: -8.8 vs. SBE: -9.2%; P = 0.025), and low-density lipoproteins levels (SBE: -13.1 vs. -20.8%; P = 0.48) decreased; however, the peak oxygen uptake of subjects increased (HIT: 4.0 vs. SBE: 4.0%; P = 0.003). However, there were no significant differences in triglyceride (HIT: -16.9 vs. SBE: -8.3%; P = 0.134), and high-density lipoprotein (HIT: 3.1 vs. SBE: 4.8%; P = 0.479) levels between both intervention and control groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The results showed that both types of exercises had almost similar effects on reducing miR15b expression and improving the lipid profile. Hence, based on the difficult nature of HIT for children with obesity, further use of school-based exercises is suggested. © 2022 International Journal of Preventive Medicine.
Nobari, H.,
Ahmadi, M.,
Sá, M.,
Pérez-gómez, J.,
Clemente, F.M.,
Adsuar, J.C.,
Minasian, V.,
Afonso, J. Publication Date: 2021
Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness (18271928)61(10)pp. 1317-1325
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of combined training of high-volume/low intensity vs. low volume/high intensity on different bio-motor adaptations in sedentary women. METHODS: Thirty sedentary healthy females (mean age, 22.1±3.3 years), were randomly assigned into: control group (cG; N.=10), high-Volume/low-intensity training group (hV; N.=10); or high-intensity/low-volume training group (hi; N.=10). Training protocols were performed for 8 weeks, on three non-consecutive days a week. RESULTS: Post-intervention, there were significant main effects of time and a group by time interaction for all body composition and performance variables (P≤0.001), while no significant differences were found for changes in maximum heart rate. Pairwise comparisons revealed significant decreases in body fat percentage and speed test in HV and HI (P≤0.001) after intervention, while anaerobic power significantly increased in HV and HI (P≤0.001). The rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was significantly superior in HI than HV (P≤0.05). Additionally, there were significant main effects of time and a group by time interaction for all one-repetition maximum tests (P≤0.001). coNcluSioNS: combined interval training and resistance training were effective for improving bio-motor parameters in sedentary young women. hV training produced less rpe than hi training, which may potentially increase adherence to training protocols post-intervention. © 2020 EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA
Publication Date: 2021
International Journal Of Preventive Medicine (20088213)12(1)
Background: Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) relative to the other adipose tissues may have different roles in health and insulin resistance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of aerobic exercise on SAT thermogenesis indices, serum orexin-A (OXA), and insulin resistance in high-fat diet-induced obesity male Wistar rats. Methods: Thirty-two male Wistar rats with an average weight of 180-200 g were randomly assigned into 4 equal groups: Normal fat diet (NFD), high-fat diet obesity (HFDO), normal fat diet after high-fat diet obesity (HFDO-NFD), and aerobic exercise group with normal fat diet after high-fat diet obesity (HFDO-AEX). Fasting levels of serum OXA, insulin, FBS, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, cholesterol and gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and UCP1 in SAT were evaluated. Samples were taken in the HFDO group after obesity-induced and in other groups 48 h after 8 weeks of aerobic exercise. Results: The results showed that HFD significantly decreased serum levels of OXA, HDL-c and gene expression of PGC1α and UCP1 in SAT. In addition, it caused a significant increase in Lee index, FBS, insulin resistance, and serum lipid profile in comparison with the NFD group (P ≤ 0.001). Aerobic exercise significantly modified the changes caused by HFD to the normal levels (P ≤ 0.001). Conclusions: These data suggest that aerobic exercise caused an improvement in insulin resistance and blood lipid profiles through an increase in the serum level of OXA and alteration in the SAT phenotype from white to brown or beige. © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2021
Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences (17359260)31(200)pp. 49-60
Background and purpose: ANGPTL3, a protein secreted by the liver, is involved in regulating fat and glucose metabolism. In this study, we investigated the relationship between serum ANGPTL3 levels and VO2max, body composition, and markers of metabolic syndrome. Also, we studied the effect of interval training on this factors in women who have overweight or obesity. Materials and methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 40 sedentary females were assigned into three groups: (1) Control / without exercise (n=13, average age: 28.5 years, BMI=30. 2 kg/m2), and experimental groups; (2) Moderate intensity interval training (n=13, average age: 30.1 years, BMI= 31.2 kg/m2), and (3) High intensity interval training (average age: 27.8 years, BMI= 30.9 kg/m2). The experimental groups participated in selected interval trainings for eight weeks. Blood samples were taken 48 hours prior to the first training session and 48 hours following the last training session and study variables were measured in all participants. Results: The findings revealed significant positive correlations between ANGPTL3 and BMI (P= 0.009), ANGPTL3 and Insulin (P= 0.027), ANGPTL3 and total cholesterol levels (P= 0.004). After eight weeks of interval training, we observed significant decrease in levels of ANGPTL3 (P= 0.021), triglyceride (P= 0.012), total cholesterol (P= 0.010), TG/HDL (P= 0.002), insulin (P= 0.020), insulin resistance index (P= 0.014), body fat percentage (P= 0.036), and BMI (P= 0.001) in experimental groups. VO2max (P= 0.041) and HDL levels (P= 0.039) also showed significant increase in these groups. Conclusion: It seems that high-intensity interval exercises reduce ANGPTL3 levels and could be useful in preventing metabolic syndrome in women who have overweight or obesity. © 2021, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2020
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity (11787007)13pp. 1385-1390
Objective: The current study aimed to compare the effects of two modes of moderate-and high-intensity interval training on serum Salusin-α and Salusin-β and lipid profile in women with overweight/obesity. Subjects and Methods: A number of forty females were assigned to each of (1) Control (BMI= 30.2 ± 2.8 kg/m2, n=14), (2) Moderate-intensity (BMI= 31.2 ±3.3 kg/m2, n=13) and (3) High-intensity interval training (BMI=30.9±3.4 kg/m2, n=13) groups. The subjects of experimental groups participated in the selected interval trainings for eight weeks. The first blood sampling was performed within 48 hours prior to the first training session and the second samples were obtained 48 hours after the last training session. Results: The findings revealed that there were significant increases in Salusin-α (36% vs. 3%; p = 0.001) and high-density lipoprotein levels (7% vs. 5%; P = 0.039), while significant reductions in the levels of Triglyceride (−8% vs. −9%; p= 0.012) and total cholesterol (−1% vs. −8%; P =0.01) levels of moderate-and high-intensity interval training groups, respectively. Also, there were insignificant changes in Salusin-β (−7% vs. −5%; P = 0.108), low-density lipoproteins (−3% vs. −11%; P =0.046) and very-low-density lipoprotein (−10% vs. −8%; P = 0.056) compared to control group. There were only significant differences between Salusin-α and high-density lipoprotein levels of training groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: It is suggested that, although improvements in lipid profile was nearly similar for two training modes, moderate intensity interval training was more effective to prevent and control atherosclerosis. © 2020 Nazari et al.
Publication Date: 2020
Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (22348646)24(1)pp. 54-64
Purpose: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most frequent cause of chronic liver diseases in both adults and children with obesity. The aim of this study was to compare the changes in liver enzymes and metabolic profile in adolescents with fatty liver following selected school-based exercise (SBE) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) interventions. Methods: In a semi-experimental study, 34 obese male adolescents with clinically defined NAFLD were divided into the HIIT (n=11, age=12.81±1.02 years, body mass index [BMI]=26.68 ±2.32 kg/m2 ), selected SBE (n=11, age=13.39±0.95 years, BMI=26.47±1.74 kg/m2 ), and control (n=12, age=13.14±1.49 years, BMI=26.45±2.21 kg/m2 ) groups. The ultrasonography NAFLD grade, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), lipid profile, insulin resistance, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels of the participants were measured before and after the exercise interventions. Results: The BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and body fat percentage of the participants decreased, and a significant increase in VO2peak was observed after the intervention; however, the HIIT group showed a significant improvement compared with the SBE group (p<0.01). Significant reductions were observed in the levels of insulin resistance, triglyceride, total cholesterol, ALT, and AST in both groups, although high-density lipoprotein levels decreased only in the HIIT group (p<0.01). Further, a significant reduction in low-density lipoprotein level was observed in the training groups (p<0.01), but this decrease was not significant compared with the control group (p<0.01). Conclusion: HIIT and SBE are equally effective in improving health parameters in obese children and adolescents. © 2021. by The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. All Rights Reserved.
Publication Date: 2020
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences (15614107)22(1)pp. 92-100
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Due to the proximity of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) to the myocardial tissue, it is considered that EAT be more pathogenic than subcutaneous adipose tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the alterations of PGC-1α andUCP1 gene expression in EAT and orexin-A following aerobic exercise in high-fat diet induced and obese male wistar rats. METHODS: In this study, 32 male wistar rats aged 6-week and weight of 180-200 g, assigned randomly in: 1) Normal fat diet (NFD), 2) High-fat diet induced obesity (HFDO), 3) Normal fat diet after high-fat diet induced obesity group (HFDO-NFD) and Aerobic exercise group with normal fat diet after high-fat diet induced obesity group (HFDO-AEX). After obesity-induced in HFDO group (8-week diet with 60% fat) and 48 hours after eight weeks of aerobic exercise (60% of maximal training capacity, 4 sessions/week) in other groups, fasting levels of OXA, Lee index, lipid profile, and gene expression of PGC-1α and UCP1 in EAT have been measured. FINDINGS: The results revealed that HFD significantly decreased serum OXA, HDL-c, gene expression of PGC1α and UCP1, also caused a significant increase in Lee index, TG, LDL-c, cholesterol and EAT mass (p≤0.001), but aerobic exercise significantly improved the OXA (34.74%), HDL-c (23.65%), gene expression of PGC-1α and UCP1 (61.28% and 82.67%), lipid profile, EAT mass (76.19%) and Lee index (18.34%) to the normal levels (P≤ 0.001). CONCLUSION: Aerobic exercise by affecting OXA and gene expression of PGC-1α and UCP1 in EAT, probably could reduce the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases due to high-fat diet. © 2020, Babol University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2019
Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism (16834844)21(3)pp. 163-173
Introduction: Compared to other adipose tissues, Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue (SAT), may have different effects on health and insulin resistance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on serum orexin-A (OXA), SAT thermogenic indices gene expression, and insulin resistance in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two male wistar rats with an average weight of 180-200 g were randomly assigned into 4 equal groups: normal fat diet (NFD), high-fat diet-induced obesity (HFDO), normal fat diet after high-fat diet-induced obesity (HFDO-NFD) and the aerobic exercise group with normal fat diet after high-fat diet-induced obesity (HFDO-AEX). After induction of obesity in the HFDO group and 48 hours after eight weeks of aerobic exercise in other groups (60% of maximum exercise capacity), fasting levels of serum OXA, FBS, insulin resistance, lipid profiles, and gene expression of PGC-1α and UCP1 in SAT were measured. Results: Results showed that, following HFD, compared to the NFD group, levels of OXA, HDL-C, PGC-1α and UCP1 gene expression in the HFDO group, significantly decreased, and lipid profiles, Lee index, FBS, insulin and insulin resistance significantly increased (P<0.01). Also after aerobic exercise in the HFDO-AEX group, compared to the HFDO group, levels of OXA (34.74%), HDL-C (23.65%), PGC-1α and UCP1 genes expression (77.38% and 78.72%, respectively) increased and values of lipid profile, Lee index (18.34%), FBS (32.28%), insulin (4.01%) and insulin resistance (37.48%) were significantly decreased (P≤0.001), changes however, not significant in the HFDO-NFD group. Conclusion: Data obtained suggest that aerobic exercise by an increase in the OXA and alteration in the SAT thermogenic gene expression indices may improve insulin resistance and blood lipid profiles. © 2019, Endocrine Research Center. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2014
International Journal Of Preventive Medicine (20088213)5
Background: Since correlations have been found between body composition and physical activity in different parts of the world, inactivity and poor physical condition likely contributes main factors in childhood obesity. This study was implemented to determine the relationship between cardiovascular fitness and body‑composition in a group of Iranian middle school students. Methods: In this descriptive study, subjects comprised of 12,946 students (10,531 girls and 2,415 boys aged 11–13 years) in the city of Isfahan. Height, weight, body‑fat percent, body mass index, and cardiovascular fitness of the aforesaid students were measured by valid tests. Results: This study showed that fat percentage and aerobic fitness (VO2 max) of girls were 24.73%, and 29.5 (ml/kg/min) and boys19.32% and 36.4 (ml/kg/min) respectively. Results also revealed that there was a negative significant correlation between fat percent and aerobic fitness of boys (r = −0.81), and girls (r = −0.77) respectively. Conclusions: To conclude, this study signifies that fat percentage augmentation leads to a decrease in aerobic fitness of children. Thus, fat percentage can be associated with different chronic diseases such as cardiovascular ones. © 2014, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences(IUMS). All rights reserved.
Marandi, S.M.,
Minasian, V.,
Kelishadi, R.,
Khalighinejad, P.,
Borojeni, M.M.,
Borghi, S.H. Publication Date: 2014
International Journal Of Preventive Medicine (20088213)5
Background: Some local governments have implemented strategies to increase physical activity as a way to control obesity in children, but in Iranian students few studies have evaluated the effects of such interventions on overweight and obese children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a short-term school-based physical activity on obesity and cardiovascular fitness in 12-14-year-old boy students. Methods: This study showed an intervention effect on some health-related fitness factors in students. A number of 127 boy students aged 12–14 years, in the city of Isfahan, based on preventive plan of inactivity in children at the provincial Health office selected randomly as subjects. Measurement variables include; weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), body-fat percent and aerobic power of subjects measured by valid tests. Results: This study revealed that body-fat percentage of this students changed near to 17.84% (42.25% pretest vs. 34.71% posttest), WHR 0.44%, (0.915 pretest vs. 0.911 posttest), VO2 max changed 8.54% (27.84 pretest vs. 30.22 posttest) whereas BMI was changed 2.61% (26.81 pretest vs. 26.03 posttest). Results also revealed that there were significant differences between fat percent, (P = 0.001) and VO2 max (P = 0.001), but there was no difference between BMI of subjects in pre and posttests (P = 0.452). Conclusions: Findings of this study signify that an implementation of short-term intervention components in the school system may have a beneficial effect on body-fat percentage and cardiovascular fitness of overweight/obese children. © 2014, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences(IUMS). All rights reserved.
Heidari, K.,
Minasian, V.,
Marandi, S.M.,
Kelishadi, R.,
Khalighinejad, P.,
Davari, H. Publication Date: 2014
International Journal Of Preventive Medicine (20088213)5
Background: Childhood obesity is a worldwide major public health problem in both developed and developing countries. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of obesity and overweight in 12-14-year-old students in the city of Isfahan. Methods: This study was conducted among 10,531 girls and 2415 boys aged 12–14 years in the city of Isfahan. Percentage of children in the corresponding body mass index (BMI) categories for overweight and obesity (specified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria percentiles) were assessed, based on preventive plan of inactivity in children and youth of Isfahan province. Results: Findings revealed that prevalence of overweight in children varied by age from 15.3% to 26.9% in boys and 12.9% to 29.9% in girls, and prevalence of obesity varied from 14.8% to 33.7% and 15% to 29.9% in boys and girls, respectively. Percentile norms for BMI of subjects were computed based on sex categories. Conclusions: To conclude, results of the study revealed that subjects have approximately the same percentage of overweight/ obesity compared to other children have been studied; however, in comparison to previous studies, a higher rate was witnessed in grade 8 boy students. These situations indicate that there are needs to implement some intervention programs, as well as management policies. © 2014, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences(IUMS). All rights reserved.
Kelishadi, R.,
Minasian, V.,
Marandi, S.M.,
Farajzadegan, Z.,
Khalighinejad, P.,
Shirdavani, S.,
Omidi, R. Publication Date: 2014
International Journal Of Preventive Medicine (20088213)5
Background: In the past two decades, physical activity has decreased during both childhood and adolescence, and particularly adolescence. It seems that schools are attractive settings in which to implement interventions designed in order to promote physical activity in children; but in Iranian students, few studies have evaluated the effects of such interventions on overweight and obese children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a short‑term school‑based physical activity on obesity and aerobic fitness in 12–14 years aged girls. Methods: This is a study with single group pretest and posttest design, in which 129 middle school girls in city of Isfahan were assessed based on preventive plan of inactivity in children at the Provincial Health Office. Variables, including weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist‑hip ratio (WHR), body fat percentage and aerobic power of subjects were measured using valid tests. Results: This study showed that subjects’ body fat percentage changed about 3.6% (37.74% pretest vs. 36.39% posttest), VO2 max changed 7.43% (29.72 pretest vs. 31.93 posttest), WHR changed 1.12% (0.89 pretest vs. 0.88 posttest), whereas BMI was changed 1.65% (27.80 pretest vs. 27.34 posttest). Findings also revealed that there were significant differences between fat percent, (P = 0.001) and VO2 max (P = 0.001) of subjects, but there was no difference between BMI of them in pre‑ and post‑tests (P = 0.361). Conclusions: These results suggest that even a short‑term exercise intervention may lead to positive changes in body fat percentage, WHR and aerobic fitness of overweight children. Therefore, school‑based physical activity interventions can be an effective preventive strategy to control obesity and overweight in students. © 2014, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences(IUMS). All rights reserved.
