Organizatsionnaya Psikhologiya (23125942)12(1)pp. 43-50
Purpose. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of CREW intervention on the relational energy of employees in Isfahan Gas company. Method. The research was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest and control group design. The sample consisted of 30 volunteer staff of Gas company who randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Relational energy questionnaire (2016) was administered on both groups in the pre-test and post-test stages. CREW intervention administered on the experimental group for eight sessions each one 90 minutes. The control group received no intervention. The data was analyzed through ANCOVA by SPSS-23. Findings. The results suggested that there was a significant difference between experimental and control groups following the intervention. Accordingly, CREW intervention enhanced relational energy of employees in the post-test. The findings of this study suggested that administers and authorities of organizations use CREW intervention to enhance the positive interpersonal relationships and relational energy of their personnel. Originality. According to our search in previous studies, no research has been found to examine the effectiveness of the CREW intervention on relational energy of employees, but our findings were concordant with the reports, in which it was suggested that CREW was effective on enhancing civility, respect and trust, and improvement of interactions among the personnel. © 2022 Turkish Society of Nephrology. All rights reserved.
Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy (0092623X)47(2)pp. 162-173
The aim of the present study was to develop and validate the scenarios of cognitive bias modification of interpretation (CBM-I) in women with sexual interest arousal disorder (SIAD) and comparing its effectiveness with mindfulness therapy in Iran. This study was performed by mixed method in two phases. In the first phase of the study, CBM treatment scenarios were developed. In the second phase, 45 women with SIAD were selected and randomly divided into three groups (two experimental groups and one control group). In the qualitative phase of the research on the evaluation of the designed scenarios, 80 scenarios remained among the 100 scenarios by meeting the content validity criteria, fidelity, acceptance, and satisfaction with the treatment. Both experimental treatments exceeded the no treatment control but that mindfulness was more effective than CBM-I as measured by the Female Sexual Function Index Questionnaire (p < 0.001). According to the findings, the use of CBM-I to replace positive interpretations with negative interpretations of cognitive bias in SIAD has a clinical application. Therefore, CBM-I can be used as practical treatment along with other treatments to reduce the symptoms of sexual dysfunction. © 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Organizatsionnaya Psikhologiya (23125942)11(2)pp. 41-53
Purpose. This research has pursued aims at evaluating the effects of acceptance and commitment training on reducing burnout in Clinical Specialist Residents, considering the moderating role of personality traits. Design. 202 residents studying emergency medicine, obstetrics and gynecology completed the Neuroticism (N) and Extraversion (E) subscales of the Big Five Personality Inventory. Then, they were assigned into two experimental and control groups (four groups, each composed of 18 participants). The E+N- and E-N+ experimental groups received Acceptance and Commitment Training, while the E+N- and E-N+ control groups remained on the waiting list. Findings. The results showed that acceptance and commitment training was effective on reduction of burnout in medical residents. In addition, E+N- residents benefit more from acceptance and commitment training than E-N+ residents. Research limitations. This study needs to be reproduced by other groups of residents to demonstrate the efficacy of this intervention in anything other than this population. We also only examined the effect of Acceptance and Commitment Training on the two combinations E & N (E-N+ & E+N-). Practical implications. The findings of this study indicated that acceptance and commitment training was effective in decreasing the rate of burnout among residents considering the moderating role of their personality traits. Originality. None of the existing studies have examined the effect of acceptance and commitment training on burnout in physicians, in addition most research on burnout reduction among residents has only reported the effects of one or several types of intervention, without examining the role of the moderator variables. © 2021 by the authors.
Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research (20428715)11(3)pp. 180-199
Purpose: A wide range of variables, including cognitive, emotional and relational factors, could affect the level of peacefulness. The purpose of this paper is to examine key variables (theory of mind (ToM) and harmony) that mediate the personality trait of peacefulness. Design/methodology/approach: The participants were 182 university students recruited from three universities in Isfahan, Iran. Some different scales were applied in order to measure the intended peace variables. Findings: The findings demonstrate that ToM, as the ability to attribute mental states, significantly mediates the association between interpersonal peacefulness and inhibition skill, interpersonal peacefulness and conflict resolution abilities, and interpersonal peacefulness and level of aggression. In addition, harmony mediates the relationship between intrapersonal peacefulness, hope, intrapersonal peacefulness and self-compassionate competency. Practical implications: These findings indicate that peaceful feelings enable a person to provide more attention to the concerns of others and to relationship issues. Originality/value: This an original type of study in the field of peace psychology. © 2019, Emerald Publishing Limited.
Japanese Psychological Research (215368)60(2)pp. 87-98
The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Dohsa-hou and the Alexander Technique on happiness, social adjustment, hope, mental health, and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease. The statistical population of this study included all of the patients with Parkinson's disease who were clients of neural therapeutic centers in Isfahan City in 2015. Among this population, 28 patients were selected through convenience sampling as the sample of the study. The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, the Social Adjustment Scale, the Adult Hope Scale, the General Health Questionnaire, and the Word Health Quality of Life Questionnaire were used as the instruments of the study. Data were analyzed by analyses of variance with repeated measures. The results showed that both interventions of this study can improve happiness, hope, and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease, but Dohsa-hou is more effective than the Alexander Technique in the improvement of happiness and hope. Probable explanations have been discussed. © 2017 Japanese Psychological Association. Published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.
Radi afsouran, N.,
Charkhabi, M.,
Siadat, S.,
Hoveida, R.,
Oreyzi samani, H.R.,
Thornton iii, G.C. Journal of Management Development (02621711)37(9-10)pp. 711-720
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to introduce case-method teaching (CMT), its advantages and disadvantages for the process of organizational training within organizations, as well as to compare its advantages and disadvantages with current training methods. Design/methodology/approach: The authors applied a systematic literature review to define, identify and compare CMT with current methods. Findings: In CMT, participants get involved with real-world challenges from an action perspective instead of analyzing them from a distance. Also, different reactions of the participants to the same challenge aid instructors to identify the individual differences of participants toward the challenge. Although CMT is still not considered as a popular organizational training method, the advantages of CMT may encourage organizational instructors to further apply it. Improving the long-term memory, enhancing the quality of decision making and understanding the individual differences of individuals are the advantages of CMT. Research limitations/implications: A lack of sufficient empirical researchers and the high cost of conducting this method may prevent practitioners to apply it. Originality/value: The review suggested that CMT is able to bring dilemmas from the real world into training settings. Also, it helps organizations to identify the individual reactions before they make a decision. © 2018, Emerald Publishing Limited.
Iranian Journal of Information Processing and Management (22518223)33(4)pp. 1493-1526
The purpose of this study was to develop integrated experience management cycle as a basis for executing experience management in organizations. The method used in this study was qualitative and a type of meta-study known as meta-synthesis. In order to perform the research, after designing research questions, systematic search of researches was carried out based on relevant keywords from six internal databases and eleven external databases (from beginning to the end of April 2017) and 13 researches selected purposefully as sampling. By reviewing the researches, researchers identified seven stages, i.e.: experience activation, experience collection, experience engineering, experience maintaining, experience dissemination, experience perception and experience use which are respectively connected through seven processes, i.e.: evaluation, edition, storing, transfer, contextualization, adaption and update. Also, the stages and processes are surrounded by five components, i.e.: organizational culture, experience management technology, experience management strategy, experience management metric and experience management team. Based on these stages and processes, the integrated experience management cycle was developed and its reliability and validity approved. The results of this study can be used as a basis for planning of managers in execution of experience management in organizations. © 2018 Iranian Research Institute for Scientific Information and Documentation. All rights reserved.
International Journal Of Preventive Medicine (20087802)9(1)
Occupational burnout is a common syndrome among physicians, and several individual-directed and organization-directed interventions have been implemented to reduce it. Until now, several review studies have tried to identify and introduce the most appropriate interventions. The aim of this article was to systematically review systematic review studies of interventions for physician burnout to evaluate and summarize their results, and ultimately guide researchers to select appropriate interventions. A search was conducted to find review studies and systematic reviews in Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Medline, Google Scholar, PubMed, and PsycINFO. Two reviewers independently selected and evaluated the studies based on inclusion criteria. Four of seven obtained review studies and systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria. These studies have reviewed individual-directed and organization-directed interventions intended to reduce burnout among medical students, interns, physicians, residents, and fellows. Various studies of the effectiveness of individual- and organization-directed interventions have obtained different results. This research has shown that reaching conclusions about effective interventions (individual- or organization-directed) for physician burnout is not easy and that a number of mediating or moderating variables probably influence the effectiveness of these interventions. Therefore, it is necessary to understand approaches and interventions for the prevention or reduction of physician burnout to fill the gaps in research. In addition, review studies are required to be more precise in choosing their criteria to find more accurate results. © 2018 International Journal of Preventive Medicine.
Iranian Journal Of Nursing And Midwifery Research (17359066)22(5)pp. 392-397
Background: The broad concept of maternal well-being includes psychological concepts, social aspects, and aspects of becoming a mother. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of implementing the Alexander technique on enjoying the sense of motherhood. Materials and Methods: This study was a clinical trial conducted in two phases. In the first phase, using the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, 226 mothers were asked to undergo a scale test of enjoying the sense of motherhood after childbirth. In the second phase, 88 pregnant women were divided into two experimental groups. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire about enjoying the sense of motherhood. Independent samples t-Test, Mann-Whitney test, Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, analysis of variance test, Box test, and Levine test were used to analyze the data. Results: Results of this study showed that the mean scores of the constructs of enjoying pregnancy (P > 0.001), motherhood, and child care satisfaction (P > 0.001) in the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group. Moreover, the construct of trusting their own abilities to cope with maternal duties (P > 0.01) did not show significant differences between the two groups. Conclusions: The findings indicated that the Alexander technique can promote mothers' psychological well-being and their pleasure of becoming a mother and the related constructs. Results also revealed that using this technique, educating and recommending pregnant women to use this technique will be beneficial. © 2017 Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research.
Journal of Nursing Research (16823141)25(2)pp. 149-155
Background: Professional nurses typically pay significantly more attention to the weaknesses rather than strengths of their psychiatric patients. Thus, new approaches to care are needed to discover the strengths of these patients and to provide effective encouragement during the caring process. However, little is currently known regarding the strengths that psychiatric patients possess during their illness and healing. Purpose: The current study aimed to explore the self-perceptions and experiences of psychiatric patients regarding their strengths. Methods: Psychiatric patients were recruited through purposive sampling in Isfahan, Iran, from July to December 2012. Variables such as age, gender, and diagnosis were used to vet potential participants to ensure adequate sample diversity. All of the qualified individuals were informed verbally and in writing regarding the information that they would be asked to provide during the interview process, and the researchers obtained written and oral informed consent from each before enrolment. Twenty-one semistructured, qualitative interviews were conducted, and content analysis was performed to identify the themes. Results: Four major themes emerged from the interviews, including (a) life with spiritual factors, (b) responsibility, (c) love of learning, and (d) sources of support. Conclusions: A repertoire of strengths was identified among the participants. Furthermore, all of the participants voiced the opinion that healthcare providers rarely focused on their strengths. Therefore, mental health professionals, particularly nurses, should pay closer attention to the strengths of their psychiatric patients to use these strengths in advancing their care. © 2017 Taiwan Nurses Association.
Journal of Isfahan Medical School (10277595)35(442)pp. 993-999
Background: Burnout is viewed as an affective and passive reaction to chronic occupational stress that occurs as emotional exhaustion, physical fatigue, and cognitive weariness.The medical residency is one of the most challenging periods in the professional life of physicians and requires high psychological and physical energy. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of burnout among medical residents. Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted on 104 emergency medicine, internal medicine, and obstetrics and gynecology residents in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, using the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Data were analyzed using MANOVA, Cramer’s V, and Pearson correlation coefficient tests. Findings: 71.15% of residents were burned out. The frequency percentage of burnout among obstetrics and gynecology residents was higher than in the other two groups (non-significant) and among the second- and third-year residents was higher than others (significant). In addition, the frequency percentage of burnout among women was higher than men (non-significant), and among the married residents was more than singles (significant). The mean burnout was not significantly different in various levels of demographic variables namely type of specialty, year of study, gender, and marital status. There was no significant correlation between age and burnout. Conclusion: Majority of residents were burned out. Given the importance of the consequences of burnout, periodic evaluation of residents’ burnout is necessary and psychological interventions should be prepared for them. © 2017, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences(IUMS). All rights reserved.
Iran Occupational Health (17355133)9(1)
Background and aim: The relationship between physical-mental health and Migraine headaches and stress, especially job stress, is known. Many factors can construct job stress in work settings. The factor that has gained much attention recently is inequality (imbalance) of employees' effort versus the reward they gain. The aim of the current attempt was to investigate the validity of effortreward imbalance model and indicate the relation of this model with migraine headaches and psychological well-being among subjects in balance and imbalance groups. Methods: Participants were 180 personnel of Oil distribution company located in Isfahan city, and instruments used were General health questionnaire (Goldberg & Hilier), Social Re-adjustment Rating Scale (Holmes & Rahe), Ahvaz Migraine Questionnaire (Najariyan) and Effort-reward imbalance scale (Van Vegchel & et al). Results: The result of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis for investigating the Construct validity of the effort-reward imbalance model showed that in both analyses, the two factor model was confirmed. Moreover, findings indicate that balance group was in better psychological (p<0/01) and physical (migraine) (p<0/05) status comparing to the imbalance group. These findings indicate the significance of justice to present appropriate reward relative to personnel performance on their health. Conclusion: Implication of these findings can improve Iranian industrial personnel health from both physical and psychological aspects.
Iran Occupational Health (17355133)8(4)
Background and aim: The aim of this study was to predict driving error, lapses and violations from five narrow-band personality traits of Eyseneck Personality Profile, Vienna Risk Taking test-Traffic and Considering Future Consequences Scale. Methods: Current study is a relational study.510 drivers Was selected randomly and divided to two groups accident namely prone(n = 257) and non accident prone (n = 253).Participants responded to following instruments Eyseneck Personality Profile(EPP) Eyseneck and Wilson (1991),Scale of Considering Future Consequences (Strathman et.al, 1994), Driving Behavior Questionnaire (Lawton, 1997) and WRBTV (Hergovich et al, 2005). Results: Finding indicated that characteristics of two groups have significant differences according to driving error, lapses and violations, Also there are significant relations among these variables and three wrong driving behavior of participants. Conclusion: Organizations can decrease accident rate by selecting drivers according to applicant (of the job driver) characteristics especially by using WRBTV as an efficient instrument to find drivers defficiencies.
Human Resource Development International (13678868)15(2)pp. 175-191
The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of extraversion and pre-training self-efficacy as individual characteristics on varying levels of training outcomes. Data were collected from 109 male employees entering a training programme on efficient communication in organizations. The research was conducted in two stages: before training and immediately after training. The results showed that extraversion was positively related to pre-training self-efficacy, which was positively related to affective reactions, utility reactions and post-training self-efficacy. Affective reactions were also found to have a stronger relationship than utility reactions with declarative knowledge. An hypothesized model and three alternative models were tested. The results revealed stronger support for the hypothesized model. © 2012 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences (17359260)20(75)pp. 54-63
Background and purpose: Researches in the field of positive and negative affect have shown mixed results. While some have argued that positive and negative affects are two ends of a single construct, others suggested that these two concepts are independent from each other. Previous studies also support the idea that negative affect had a positive relationship with pain. According to theoretical frameworks, the aim of current research was to investigate the role of positive affect in the relationship between stress and pain, and negative affect in women with chronic pain, and possible implications of positive affect as an important psychological resource that a patient may use for coping efforts during periods of pain. Materials and methods: 104 women in textile and carpet weaving industry suffering from osteoarthritis and fibromyalgia were participated in the survey and completed the initial assessments for demographic data and personality characteristics. They subsequently completed 10 to 12 weekly interviews regarding pain, stress, negative and positive affect. After completion of the survey using cross sectional method, data were analyzed via hierarchical multilevel modeling. Results: Findings showed that weekly increases in pain and stress could predict negative affect elevations. Higher weekly positive affect as well as higher average positive affect, weather directly and indirectly in interaction with pain and stress, resulted in lower levels of negative affect. In addition, increases in weekly negative affect and higher average negative affect, related to greater levels of pain in subsequent weeks. In contrast, higher levels of overall positive affect predicted lower levels of pain in subsequent weeks. Conclusion: The current study emphasized that when individuals encounter pain or stress, positive and negative affects are not independent and therefore showed important role of positive affect in reducing negative affect related to pain and stress, which could be helpful for patients to bear pain and reducing the resulted tension.
