دکتر مهدی کارگرفرد

Purpose Obesity may blunt exercise responsiveness to improve muscular adaptations. The effect of resistance training (RT) targeting different body regions on muscle and inflammatory markers is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of upper (upper body exercises), lower (lower body exercises), or combined (upper body + lower body exercises) RT on muscle and inflammatory markers, body composition, and performance in overweight and obese men. Methods Sixty overweight and obese men (age, 31 ± 4 yr) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: upper-body RT (UB; n = 15), lower-body RT (LB; n = 15), combined RT (UB + LB; n = 15), or control (C; n = 15). The training protocol consisted of three exercise sessions per week for 12 wk. Blood samples for measuring serum markers (follistatin, myostatin, C-reactive protein (CRP), adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-), and irisin) were obtained at baseline and 48 h after the final training session. Fat mass (FM), body fat percentage, skeletal muscle mass (SMM), and fat-free mass were measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (InBody 720). Results SMM, fat-free mass, UB and LB strength and power, follistatin, follistatin/myostatin ratio, adiponectin, and irisin significantly increased, whereas FM, body fat percentage, myostatin, CRP, and TNF- significantly reduced from pre- to post-training in all training groups (P < 0.05). Changes in LB muscle power (r = 0.558), both UB (r = 0.518) and LB (r = 0.419) muscle strength, and follistatin (r = 0.545) had moderate positive relationships with ΔSMM, whereas changes in myostatin (r = -0.585) had a moderate negative relationship with ΔSMM. Also, changes in myostatin (r = 0.825) and CRP (r = 0.715) had a strong positive relationship with ΔFM, whereas TNF- (r = 0.467) had a moderate positive relationship with ΔFM. Follistatin (r = -0.789) and adiponectin (r = -0.713) had a strong negative relationship with ΔFM, whereas irisin (r = -0.426) had a moderate negative relationship with ΔFM. Conclusions Combined RT elicits the greatest increases in follistatin, follistatin/myostatin ratio, and adiponectin, and decreases in myostatin and CRP compared with other training groups in overweight and obese men. However, systemic improvements may be achieved through performing UB or LB RT alone. © Lippincott Williams Wilkins.

Elevated risk of possible sarcopenia and weak muscle strength with higher dietary inflammatory index in Iranian breast cancer survivors: a cross-sectional study

( Article . Gold )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2025

BMC Nutrition (20550928)11(1)

The Effects of 12 Weeks of Pulsed Magnetic Therapy and Multicomponent Exercise on Bone Markers and Serum Concentration of Sclerostin in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Osteoporosis

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2025

Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism (23454008)25(2)pp. 129-143

Background: The current study aimed to ascertain the impact of pulsed magnetic therapy, multicomponent exercise, and a combination of both modalities on bone markers type 2 diabetic patients with osteoporotic. Methods: In a randomized controlled clinical trial study, 56 older patients with type 2 diabetic osteoporosis (age: 68.18±3.67 yr; weight: 78.13±7.65 kg, body mass index: 28.40±1.76 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to either the multicomponent exercise + Full-body pulsed electromagnetic field (MCEx+PEMF, n= 18) multicomponent exercise + placebo full-body PEMF (MCEx+PPEMF, n=17) and a full-body PEMF alone (PEMF, n= 21). PEMF was applied for the whole body using a full-body mat three times per week, 60 minutes for 12 weeks, with a multicomponent exercise protocol that includes flexibility, aerobic exercise, strengthening, weight-bearing, and balance exercises followed by whole-body vibration (WBV) training. The body composition, bone mineral density (BMD), bone metabolism markers (phosphorus, calcium, sclerostin, osteocalcin, Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP)) before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed using the dependent t test and the two-way repeated measures ANOVA at the level of less than 0.05. Results: After 12 weeks of intervention, there is a significant difference in the serum levels of bone mineral density and bone metabolism markers (phosphorus, calcium, sclerostin, BALP) between the groups (P< 0.05). However, the bonferoni post-test showed an increase in serum levels of BMD, phosphorus, sclerostin, BALP with a significant decrease in calcium in the MCEx+PEMF group in compared to alone PEMF group. Conclusion: The findings showed that the PEMF rehabilitation method combined with multicomponent exercise is more effective and safer than exercise or PEMF only for improving BMD and bone metabolism markers in the type 2 diabetic population with osteoporosis. Therefore, exercise rehabilitation clinics should be encouraged to consider exercise rehabilitation as a treatment method for type 2 diabetic patients with osteoporosis. More studies with long-term follow-up should be considered to confirm these findings. © 2025 Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism and Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

2024

Association between changes in lean mass, muscle strength, endurance, and power following resistance or concurrent training with differing high protein diets in resistance-trained young males

( Article . Gold )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2024

Frontiers in Nutrition (2296861X)11

Background: We assessed the relationship of changes in upper and lower body lean mass with muscle strength, endurance and power responses following two high protein diets (1.6 or 3.2 g.kg-1.d−1) during 16 weeks of either concurrent training (CT) or resistance training (RT) in resistance-trained young males. Methods: Forty-eight resistance-trained young males (age: 26 ± 6 yr., body mass index: 25.6 ± 2.9 kg.m−2) performed 16 weeks (four sessions·wk.−1) of CT or RT with either 1.6 g.kg-1.d−1 protein (CT + 1.6; n = 12; RT + 1.6; n = 12) or 3.2 g.kg-1.d−1 protein (CT + 3.2; n = 12; RT + 3.2; n = 12). Relationships between upper (left arm + right arm + trunk lean mass) and lower body (left leg + right leg lean mass) lean mass changes with changes in muscle performance were assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Results: For upper body, non-significant weak positive relationships were observed between change in upper body lean mass and change in pull-up (r = 0.183, p = 0.234), absolute chest press strength (r = 0.159, p = 0.302), chest press endurance (r = 0.041, p = 0.792), and relative chest press strength (r = 0.097, p = 0.529) while non-significant weak negative relationships were observed for changes in absolute upper body power (r = −0.236, p = 0.123) and relative upper body power (r = −0.203, p = 0.185). For lower body, non-significant weak positive relationships were observed between the change in lower body lean mass with change in vertical jump (r = 0.145, p = 0.346), absolute lower body power (r = 0.109, p = 0.480), absolute leg press strength (r = 0.073, p = 0.638), leg press endurance (r < 0.001, p = 0.998), relative leg press strength (r = 0.089, p = 0.564), and relative lower body power (r = 0.150, p = 0.332). Conclusion: Changes in muscle strength, endurance and power adaptation responses following 16 weeks of either CT or RT with different high protein intakes were not associated with changes in lean mass in resistance-trained young males. These findings indicate that muscle hypertrophy has a small, or negligible, contributory role in promoting functional adaptations with RT or CT, at least over a 16-week period. Copyright © 2024 Bagheri, Karimi, Camera, Scott, Bashirzad, Sadeghi, Kargarfard and Dutheil.

Differences in the Impact of Various Types of Exercise on Irisin Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta‑Analysis

( Article . Gold • Green )

Reisi, J., Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2024

International Journal Of Preventive Medicine (20088213)15

Background: Irisin, a myokine that is responsive to exercise, induces significant changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue. By promoting the browning of white fat tissue, it enhances energy expenditure, thereby addressing overweight and obesity. This systematic review and meta‑analysis aimed to compare the effects of different types of physical exercises on irisin levels in overweight and obese adults. Methods: Specifically, the review focused on studies involving obese or overweight individuals who participated in exercise training for a minimum of 8 weeks, with measured and reported changes in serum irisin levels compared to a control group. Data were collected from four databases (Google Scholar, ISI Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed, and Scopus). The risk of bias was assessed using the Begg and Egger tests, and the results were synthesized. Results: Initial searches identified 560 titles, out of which only seven met the criteria for inclusion in the systematic review. Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant increase in serum irisin concentration (SMD = 0.957, P = 0.005) among obese and overweight individuals who engaged in exercise, compared to the passive control group. High‑intensity interval training (HIIT) (SMD = 1.229, P < 0.001) had a more pronounced effect on increasing serum irisin levels than other exercise protocols. Furthermore, the effectiveness of exercise varied based on the participants’ weight status (significant changes for overweight individuals; P < 0.001 and insignificant changes for obese individuals; P = 0.1), age (significant changes for those under 40 years old; P < 0.001 and insignificant changes for those over 40 years old; P = 0.322), and gender (significant changes for men; P < 0.001 and insignificant changes for women; P = 0.285). Conclusions: Consequently, exercise can elevate serum irisin levels, leading to alterations in adipose tissue phenotype and thermogenesis, ultimately contributing to weight reduction in obese and overweight individuals. © 2024 International Journal of Preventive Medicine.

High-Protein Diets during either Resistance or Concurrent Training Have No Detrimental Effect on Bone Parameters in Resistance-Trained Males

( Article . Green • Gold )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2024

Nutrients (20726643)16(2)

2023

Effect of Aerobic and Combined Upper Body Exercise on the Heart Structure and Function in Lower Limb Amputation Veterans

( Article . Hybrid Gold )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2023

Iranian Journal of War and Public Health (2980969X)15(3)pp. 213-218

Effects of 16 weeks of two different high-protein diets with either resistance or concurrent training on body composition, muscular strength and performance, and markers of liver and kidney function in resistance-trained males

( Article . Green • Gold )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2023

Journal Of The International Society Of Sports Nutrition (15502783)20(1)

The effect of 4 weeks aerobic exercise training with detraining courses in various prevention phases on BCl-2 and BAX genes expression and proteins

( Article . Green • Gold )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2023

International Journal Of Preventive Medicine (20088213)14(1)pp. 79-79

The Effects of 12 Weeks of Concurrent and Combined Training on Inflammatory Markers, Muscular Performance, and Body Composition in Middle-Aged Overweight and Obese Males

( Article . Gold • Green )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2023

Nutrients (20726643)15(6)

Aim: Previous studies have focused on the order of endurance and resistance training when performing concurrent training (CT). However, no study has compared the effects of combined training with CT orders on inflammatory markers, muscular performance, and body composition in overweight and obese males. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to compare the effects of 12 weeks of CT and combined training on the aforementioned markers in overweight and obese males. Methods: Sixty middle-aged overweight and obese males (age 51 ± 4 years) were randomly assigned into one of four groups: endurance followed by resistance training (ER; n = 15), resistance followed by endurance training (RE; n = 15), combined resistance and endurance training (COM), or control (CON; n = 15). Anthropometric, body composition, inflammatory marker, and muscular performance measurements were collected at baseline and after 12 weeks. Results: FFM remained unchanged in all three intervention groups (p > 0.05). Reductions in FM in the RE group were significantly greater than in CON (p = 0.038). The increases in serum concentrations of adiponectin in the RE group were significantly greater than in all other groups (p < 0.05). Increased serum concentrations of CTRP3 in all intervention groups were significantly greater than the CON group (p < 0.05); moreover, the increases in the RE group were significantly greater than CON (p < 0.001). Regarding CTRP5, the increase in RE was significantly greater than COM (p = 0.014). The RE group experienced significantly greater increases in CTRP9 than all other groups (p < 0.05), and the decreases in serum concentrations of CRP and TNF-α were significantly greater in the RE group compared to CON and ER (p < 0.05). Vo2max in the ER group was significantly greater than COM (p = 0.009), and all interventions resulted in higher gains compared to CON (p < 0.05). The increases in leg press strength, chest press strength, lower-body power, and upper-body power in the RE group were significantly greater than in the COM group (p < 0.05). In addition, the increases in chest press strength in the ER group were significantly greater than COM (p = 0.023). Conclusions: Regardless of training order, CT improved inflammatory markers, body composition, power, and VO2max. Notably, our analysis indicated significantly greater improvements in adiponectin, CTRP5, CTRP9, CRP, and TNF-α levels when RT preceded ET in CT sessions compared to other exercise training sequences. These findings suggested that the order of exercise training may have a significant impact on the effectiveness of CT on inflammatory markers, which has potential implications for exercise prescription and optimization of health-related training outcomes. © 2023 by the authors.

The effects of 4-week aerobic exercise on the levels of CCL2, CCL5, and their respective receptors in female BALB/C mice suffering from breast cancer

( Article . Green • Gold )

Kargarfard, M., Esfarjani, F.

Publication Date: 2023

Advanced Biomedical Research (22779175)12(1)pp. 28-28

The effects of gradual vs. rapid weight loss on serum concentrations of myokines and body composition in overweight and obese females

( Article . Green )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2023

Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry (13813455)129(3)pp. 821-828

2022

Comparisons of accelerometer variables acute, chronic and acute/chronic workload ratio between starters and non-starters: A full-season study in professional soccer players[Comparaisons des variables de l'accéléromètre aiguë, chronique et ratio charge de travail aiguë/chronique entre les débutants et les non-débutants: une étude sur toute la saison chez les joueurs de football professionnels]

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2022

Science and Sports (17784131)37(2)

Objectives: Monitoring training workload via accelerometer-derived microsensors has been used extensively in professional team sports. However, a comparison of training states between starters and non-starts professional players in an entire season has not been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to examine to compare the workload parameters (i.e. the acute, chronic, acute/chronic workload ratio, metabolic power average, acceleration, and deceleration) between starters and non-starters players in four different periods of professional football season. Equipment and methods: This study followed a retrospective and longitudinal design. Twenty-one Iranian professional soccer players (age, 28.27 ± 3.78 years; height, 181.23 ± 7.08 cm; body mass, 74.45 ± 7.72 kg) completed an entire season in 2018–2019 and participated in this study. A wearable device with a tri-axial accelerometer (SPI HPU, GPSports systems) was used to monitor the locomotor profile during training sessions and matches over a forty-eight-weeks season (pre-season = week 1–5; early-season = week 6–19; mid-season = week 20–34; end-season = week 35–48). Body load was used to calculate acute (7 days), chronic workload (previous 3 weeks), and acute/chronic workload ratio. The metabolic power average, acceleration, and deceleration patterns were also calculated weekly. Results: The starters exposed larger accumulation of acute and chronic workload in the mid-season (p = 0.008, d = −1.24; p = 0.006; d = −1.31) and end-season (p = 0.001, d = −1.66; p = 0.001; d = −1.62), respectively. The metabolic power average, acceleration, and deceleration were remarkably high in starters over all periods of the season (P > 0.05), excepted high-intensity deceleration zone for preseason (> −4 m/s2; p = 0.149). Conclusion: Starters accumulated large exposure of acute and chronic workload and high-intensity of locomotor characteristics over a full professional football season. Consideration to balance the deficiency of weekly workloads between line-up players and substitutes/reserve players is essential to establish beneficial approach of team square. © 2021

Effect of 12-Week Aerobic Exercise Training on Chemokine Ligands and Their Relative Receptors in Balb/C Mice with Breast Cancer

( Article )

Kargarfard, M., Esfarjani, F.

Publication Date: 2022

International Journal Of Sport Studies For Health5(2)

Effects of 12-week moderate aerobic exercise on ROCK2 activity, hs-CRP and glycemic index in obese patients with impaired glucose tolerance

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2022

Physiology and Behavior (1873507X)257

Effects of 8-week noncontinuous aerobic exercise on the levels of CCL2, CCL5, and their respective receptors in female BALB/C mice suffering from breast cancer

( Article . Green Published, gold )

Kargarfard, M., Esfarjani, F.

Publication Date: 2022

International Journal Of Preventive Medicine (20088213)13(1)pp. 55-55

Long-term aerobic exercise training in type two diabetic patients alters the expression of miRNA-223 and its corresponding target, the P2RY12 receptor, attenuating platelet function

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2022

Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation (18758622)80(2)pp. 107-116

Spirulina supplementation during gradual weight loss in competitive wrestlers

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2022

British Journal of Nutrition (00071145)127(2)pp. 248-256

2021

Can vitamin c supplementation reverse the effects of exercise training in polluted air on oxidative stress markers? A randomized controlled trial

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2021

Arya Atherosclerosis (22516638)17(1)pp. 1-9

Comparing the effects of 4 and 12 weeks of aerobic training on tumor volume in female mice with breast cancer

( Article . Gold )

Kargarfard, M., Esfarjani, F.

Publication Date: 2021

Iranian Journal of Breast Diseases (26457482)13(4)pp. 57-66

Effects of chronic betaine supplementation on performance in professional young soccer players during a competitive season: a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

( Article . Green • Gold )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2021

Journal Of The International Society Of Sports Nutrition (15502783)18(1)

Effects of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) On CTRP1 and CTRP3 in Women with Type 2 Diabetes

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2021

Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism (23454008)21(1)pp. 24-38

Endurance exercise improves avoidance learning and spatial memory, through changes in genes of GABA and relaxin-3, in rats

( Article )

Kargarfard, M., Esmaeili, A.

Publication Date: 2021

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications (0006291X)566pp. 204-210

Internal training load and fitness profile between adult team versus junior team soccer players

( Article . Gold )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2021

Kinesiology (1848638X)53(1)pp. 71-77

The blockade of d1 /d2-like dopamine receptors in the lateral periaqueductal gray region affects morphine self-administration with and without exercise in rats

( Article . Gold )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2021

Physiology And Pharmacology (24765236)25(1)pp. 57-68

The effect of acute intense exercise on activity of antioxidant enzymes in smokers and non-smokers

( Article . Gold • Green )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2021

Biomolecules (2218273X)11(2)pp. 1-13

The effect of aerobic training on tumor growth and expression of Bcl-2 gene and protein in female mice with breast cancer

( Article . Gold )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2021

Iranian Journal of Breast Diseases (26457482)13(4)pp. 67-76

The effects of 14-week betaine supplementation on endocrine markers, body composition and anthropometrics in professional youth soccer players: a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

( Article . Gold • Green )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2021

Journal Of The International Society Of Sports Nutrition (15502783)18(1)pp. 20-20

THE EFFECTS OF AEROBIC, RESISTANCE, AND COMBINED EXERCISE ON C1Q/TNF-RELATED PROTEIN-5 (CTRP-5) LEVELS AND GLYCEMIC PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2021

Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism (23454008)20(3)pp. 179-190

2020

Effects of combined plyometric and speed training on change of direction, linear speed, and repeated sprint ability in young soccer players: A pilot study

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2020

Kinesiology (1848638X)52(1)pp. 85-93

Fitness Monitoring in Elite Soccer Players: Group vs. Individual Analyses

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2020

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research (10648011)34(11)pp. 3250-3257

The effects of aerobic training in polluted air and vitamin c supplementation on serum levels of endothelin-1 and nitric oxide in wistar rats

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2020

Journal of Isfahan Medical School (10277595)38(576)pp. 339-346

2019

Associations between selected training-stress measures and fitness changes in Male soccer players

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2019

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance (15550265)14(8)pp. 1050-1057

Combined small‐sided game and high‐intensity interval training in soccer players: The effect of exercise order

( Article . Gold • Green )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2019

Journal of Human Kinetics (16405544)69(1)pp. 249-257

COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF INTERVAL TRAINING WITH DIFFERENT DIET ON IL-6, TNF-Α AND SOME OF METABOLIC INDEXES IN OBESITY TYPE 2 DIABETIC MEN

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2019

Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism (23454008)18(3)pp. 156-172

Background: Interleukin-6(IL-6) and Tumor Necroes Factor-alpha (TNF-α) are secreted by adipose tissue and are potential regulators of low grade inflammation and metabolic disorders in Obesity Type 2 Diabetes (OT2D). hence, present study examined the effects of interval training with different diet on low grade inflammation and some of metabolic indexes in OT2D. Methods: forty-five OT2D men were randomly assigned into a High intensity interval training(HIIT) plus normal diet group (ND+H), low carbohydrate diet plus HIIT group(LC+H) or HIIT plus low fat diet group(LF+H) that involved adherence to a 1200-1500 kcal/day(ND+H: 28% fat, 54% carb and 18% protein; LC+H: 42% fat, 40% carb and 18% protein; LF+H: 20% fat, 62% carb and 18% protein) while participating in a supervised HIIT (3 d/week for 12 weeks). Anthropometrics, physiologic features and fasting blood samples were obtained at 0, 8(8 weeks diet only), 16, 20(12 weeks HIIT plus diet) and 24(4 weeks diet only) weeks. Results: Maximum Oxygen Consumption (VO2max) after 24 weeks of intervention, the LC + H group (P = 0.001, F = 2.195) and LF + H group (P = 0.014, F = 3.548) showed a significant decrease Compared to the pre-test, this decrease was not observed in the ND + H group. The decrease in IL-6 index with other variables (except for maximum oxygen consumption) showed a significant relationship, but the VO2max index had a significant reverse relationship [for LC + H group (p = 0.001, r =-0.54); For LF + H group (p = 0.019, r =-0.41 =), they showed IL-6. In line with changes in IL6, there was a significant difference in TNF-α index in all stages of the study. After 24 weeks of intervention, the LC + H group (P = 0.001, F = 5.541) and LF + H group (p = 0.001, F = 9.654) had a significant reduction compared to the pre-test, But this decrease was not observed in the ND + H group. Significant increase in VO2peak with significant decreases in insulin, HOMA-IR and HbA1c was observed in all groups. Also, there was a significant decrease in IL-6 and TNF-α in LC + H and LF + H groups. Changes in IL-6 and TNF-α showed an inverse association with peak oxygen consumption. Pearson's analysis revealed meaningful relationships between changes in lipid profiles with peak oxygen consumption. VO2peak significant increases in all groups with significant decreases in insulin, HOMA-IR and HbA1c in all groups. Also, IL-6 and TNFα significant decreases in LC+H and LF+H groups. Changes in IL-6 and TNFα significantly Inverse correlated with VO2peak. Pearson analysis revealed significant correlations between changes in lipid profile to VO2peak. Conclusion: Results support contentions that diet and exercise affects low grade inflammatory and fitness, lipid and glycemic profiles that changes in IL-6 and TNF-α be correlated with some of these changes. © 2019, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.

Effect of training with or without ziziphus jujuba extract on cardiokines in heart tissue of myocardial infarcted rats

( Article . Gold • Green )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2019

International Journal Of Preventive Medicine (20088213)10(1)

Effects of aerobic versus resistance training on serum fetuin-A, fetuin-B, and fibroblast growth factor-21 levels in male diabetic patients

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2019

Physiology International (2498602X)106(1)pp. 70-80

Effects of food restriction and/or aerobic exercise on the GLUT4 in type 2 diabetic male rats

( Article . Gold • Green )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2019

International Journal Of Preventive Medicine (20088213)10(1)

Background: The aim of present study was to compare the effects of negative energy balance with food restriction and/or aerobic exercise on the glucose, insulin, and GLUT4 levels in diabetic male rats. Methods: Fifty-six 10-week old male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to seven groups: a non-diabetic (ND) group and six diabetic groups. After an infusion of type 2 diabetes, the diabetic groups were given labels as well, namely diabetic control (DC) group, exercise (Ex) group, food restriction with standard diet (FRSD) group, food restriction with low-carbohydrate diet (FRLCD) group, food restriction with standard diet combination in exercise (FRSDE) group, and food restriction with low-carbohydrate diet combination in exercise (FRLCDE) group. Further, to induce caloric restriction (CR), food intake was reduced by 20% and given to food restriction consists of both of (FRSD and FRLCD). Hundred percent food consumption for the Ex group was fixed, but instead, 20% of their energy intake in exercise was calculated, and time of daily exercise was determined. Finally, a combination of reduced food intake (10%) and exercise (10%) was applied in each group FRSDE and FRLCDE for 8 weeks. Results: The results showed that type 2 diabetes inductions had reduced glucose, insulin, and GLUT4 gene expression compared to the ND group (P = 0.001). However, there were significant differences in GLUT4 gene expression between groups after 8 weeks of intervention (P = 0.001). A post hoc least significant difference test show that compared to DC group, GLUT4 gene expression level of Ex, FRSDE, and FRLCDE groups was significantly increased 47% (P = 0.004), 60% (P = 0.001), and 65% (P = 0.001), respectively after 8 week of intervention, but it was not significant or with any other diabetic groups (P > 0.05). Moreover, glucose levels were significantly higher in the FRLCDE, FRLCD, FRSD, FRSDE, Ex groups compared with the DC group in the same period (P = 0.0.01). Conclusions: It was concluded that FRSD and FRLCD combination in regular exercise was elevated of GLUT4 gene expression in type 2 diabetes. These results may help to develop new methods for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. © 2019 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.

Match fatigue time-course assessment over four days: Usefulness of the hooper index and heart rate variability in professional soccer players

( Article . Gold • Green )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2019

Frontiers in Physiology (1664042X)10(FEB)

The aims of the present study were to (a) examine recovery time-course and (b) analyze the usefulness of the Hooper-Index (wellness index) and resting heart rate variability (HRV) in professional soccer players during an in-season phase. The Hooper-Index and resting HRV were collected on matchday and on the four following days in three consecutive in-season weeks in nine players (25.2 ± 4.3-years). The usefulness of monitoring variables was assessed by (a) comparing noise (typical error, TE) to the smallest worthwhile change (SWC) (TE/SWC) and (b) comparing match-related changes (i.e., signal) to TE (i.e., signal-to-noise ratio). Between-days standardized differences in the changes of Hooper-Index and HRV were compared to the SWC using magnitude-based inferences. The magnitudes of TE were small and moderate for the Hooper-Index and HRV, respectively. The Hooper-Index showed to be more useful than HRV for monitoring match-induced fatigue as having a lower TE/SWC (3.1 versus 4.4) and a higher signal-to-noise ratio (5.5 versus 1.5). Small-to-very large [range of effect sizes, 0.48; 2.43, confidence limits (0.22; 2.91)] and moderate-to-large [-1.71; -0.61 (-2.44; -0.03)] detrimental changes in Hooper-Index and HRV, respectively, were observed on the days following matchday. While group analyses showed a similar pattern for recovery time-course, more individual players responded, similarly when tracked using the Hooper -Index compared to when they were tracked using HRV. An inverse moderate within-individual relationship was observed between changes in the Hooper index and HRV [r = -0.41, (-0.60, 0.18)]. The Hooper index is an easy-to-use, no-cost, and non-invasive monitoring tool and seems promising for tracking match-induced fatigue during in the season in professional soccer. Copyright © 2019 Rabbani, Clemente, Kargarfard and Chamari. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

Session-to-session variations of external load measures of youth soccer players in medium-sided games

( Article . Gold • Green )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2019

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (16617827)16(19)

THE EFFECT OF 12 WEEKS OF HIGH INTENSITY TRAINING ON IL-6, GLP-1 AND LIPID PROFILES IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2019

Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism (23454008)18(1)pp. 29-40

The effect of endurance training in air pollution on the expression of muscle tissue mitochondria PGC-1α and MEF2C genes in wistar male rats

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2019

Journal of Isfahan Medical School (10277595)37(521)pp. 303-309

The effect of resistance exercise on mean blood pressure in the patients referring to cardiovascular research centre

( Article . Gold • Green )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2019

Iranian Journal Of Nursing And Midwifery Research (17359066)20(4)pp. 431-435

Background: One of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease is hypertension. 1 billion people in the world and 25-35% of the adult population in Iran suffer from hypertension. Despite the emphasis on medicational treatments, non-medicational treatments and modification of lifestyle, including physical activity and exercise, are important for the control and treatment of hypertension and lead to a reduction in cardiovascular diseases. Among the various types of exercises, resistance exercise has been considered important by the cardiologists. The present study investigates the effect of resistance exercise on mean blood pressure in the cardiovascular patients. Materials and Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, 40 patients admitted to the rehabilitation unit of cardiovascular research center were assigned to study and control groups. Demographic data were collected. Their blood pressure values were measured and recorded once 1 day before the beginning of the intervention and another time 1 day after its completion. All study subjects participated in two 45-60 min exercise sessions for eight straight weeks. The control group followed routine rehabilitation unit protocol that was aerobic exercise. The study group subjects performed resistance exercise in addition to routine exercise. The weight was determined in the first session of the intervention. At the beginning, the number of the repetitions in the range of motion was 10, which was increased gradually to 15. After it reached 15 repetitions, the amount of weight was increased by 3-5% and the number of sets increased. Results: One day before the beginning of the intervention, mean systolic blood pressure was 128.21 (15.39) mmHg in the study group and 120.00 (20.51) mmHg in the control group. Mean diastolic blood pressure was 82.50 (9.35) mmHg in the study group and 82.00 (13.11) mmHg in the control group. There were no differences between the groups in terms of mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P > 0.05). After the end of the intervention, mean systolic blood pressure values were 116.42 (7.18) mmHg and 112.00 (12.60) mmHg in the study and control groups, respectively. There were no significant differences between the groups (P = 0.24). Mean diastolic blood pressure values were 81.78 (7.99) mmHg in the study group and 78.25 (12.48) mmHg in the control group. There was no significant difference between the groups (P = 0.35). At the end of the intervention, mean systolic blood pressure in the study group decreased significantly (P = 0.02). Conclusions: In the present study, the effect of resistance exercise on mean systolic blood pressure showed a significant difference, caused by the aerobic exercise. © 2019 Medknow. All rights reserved.

THE EFFECTS OF COMBINED EXERCISE WITH AND WITHOUT DIET ON PLASMA INFLAMMATORY BIOMARKERS AND ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2019

Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism (23454008)18(4)pp. 207-220

Background: Inflammation plays an important role in the incidence and development of metabolic disorders and exercises along with dietary restrictions for weight loss. It has beneficial effects on reducing inflammatory markers, especially in type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of combined exercise (resistance-aerobic) with and without diet restriction on weight loss on some inflammatory markers (CRP, TNF-α and ICAM-1) in elderly men with type 2 diabetes. Methods: 42 elderly men with type 2 diabetes (age: 67.6 ± 2.2, weight: 85.2 ± 7.4, BMI: 28.2 ± 0.2) after homogenization based on serum levels Glucose and mass index were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups: Combined exercise (15), combined exercise with weight loss diet (14), and weight loss diet alone (n = 13). The combined exercise program included aerobic training with 50-70 percent of reserved heartrate and resistance training included chest press, cable pull-down, machine leg extention and machine lying leg curl on 3 sessions per week for 12 weeks. Results: After 12 weeks of intervention, there was a significant decrease in serum inflammatory markers levels (CRP, ICAM-1 and TNF-α) in the post-test compared to the pre-test in all three groups (P<0.001). However, bonferroni post-hoc analysis showed that combined exercise with diet compared to combined exercise and dietary restriction alone had more effects on reducing CRP, ICAM-1 and TNF-α (P<0.001). In addition, reduction of ICAM-1 (P<0.001) and TNF-α (P<0.001) after combined exercise compared to dietary restriction and CRP reduction after dietary restriction than combined exercise was significantly higher (P<0.001). Conclusion: It suggested that in elderly type 2 diabetic patients, caloric restriction-induced weight loss with combine exercise is more appropriate for modulating of endothelial biomarkers and Inflammation dysfunctional levels than resisted exercise training or aerobic training alone. © 2019, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.

The effects of high intensity interval training on appetite management in individuals with type 2 diabetes: influenced by participants weight

( Article . Hybrid Gold • Green )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2019

Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders (22516581)18(1)pp. 107-117

Background and purpose: The connection between exercise and appetite has ramifications for acute energy balance and weight-management. Research would suggest that exercise training can transiently suppress appetite, particularly in overweight and T2D, healthy-weight individuals. However, the effect of such a transient appetite suppression on subsequent food intake may be restricted. The aim of this thesis was to investigate appetite responses to HIIT in obesity with T2D and to assess the effect of other exercise characteristics, as well as exercise intensity, in mediating these responses especially appetite hormones. Materials and methods: Eighty individuals with type 2 diabetes (forty normal and forty obesity weight) performed HIIT trials, all in arandomly divided, in 8 groups (10 in each group) which included, obesity non-diabetic control, obesity diabetic control, normal weight diabetic control, obesity non-diabetic training, obesity diabetic training, normal weight, non-diabetic training, and normal weight diabetic training. Twelve-weeks HIIT sessions (each session of an interval training includes 60 s of high intensity training (85–95% of reserve heart rate)) + running for 60 s at low intensity (55–60% of reserve heart rate) were applied. Blood samples were taken at the beginning and after the fourth, eighth and twelfth week of the training. Data were analyzed using repeated variance analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The results showed that training reduced ghrelin plasma levels in obese diabetic subjects (P < 0.05). Training has reduced PYY plasma in healthy subjects (non-diabetic) with normal weight (P < 0.05). Training reduced plasma levels of PYY in diabetic patients with normal weight and increased it in obese diabetic and healthy subjects (P < 0.05). Training has increased GLP-1 plasma in obese diabetic and diabetic with normal weight groups (P < 0.05). Training reduced TNF-α in normal (non-diabetic) subjects with normal weight and diabetic and non-diabetic obese subjects. Conclusion: Collectively, the studies reported here suggest that appetite hormones differ between lean and obesity participants. The finding also suggested HIIT is more likely to elicit appetite hormones responses in obesity than in lean individuals with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, with caution, it is recommended that the high intensity interval training can be beneficial for these patients. © 2019, The Author(s).

Therapeutic effects of cycling on disability, mobility, and quality of life in patients post stroke

( Article . Gold • Green )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2019

Iranian Journal Of Public Health (22516085)48(2)pp. 355-356

Variations of external load variables between medium- and large-sided soccer games in professional players

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2019

Research in Sports Medicine (15438635)27(1)pp. 50-59

2018

A comparative study on the effects of acute and chronic downhill running vs uphill running exercise on the RNA levels of the skeletal muscles PGC1-α FNDC5 and the adipose UCP1 in BALB/c mice

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2018

Gene (18790038)679pp. 369-376

Aerobic training improves platelet function in type 2 diabetic patients: role of microRNA-130a and GPIIb

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2018

Acta Diabetologica (14325233)55(9)pp. 893-899

Borg CR-10 scale as a new approach to monitoring office exercise training

( Article . Green )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2018

Work (18759270)60(4)pp. 549-554

Cycling training and functional electrical stimulation for post-stroke patients[Treinamento de ciclismo e estimulação elétrica funcional para pacientes pós acidente vascular cerebral][Entrenamiento de ciclismo y estimulación eléctrica funcional para pacientes post Ataque vascular cerebal]

( Article . Gold • Green )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2018

Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte (discontinued) (15178692)24(4)pp. 300-302

Diets along with interval training regimes improves inflammatory & anti-inflammatory condition in obesity with type 2 diabetes subjects

( Article . Bronze • Green )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2018

Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders (22516581)17(2)pp. 253-267

Background: Different physical activities and diets change the regulation of inflammations in both type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients and obese individuals, but the effect of both (Physical activity and diet) on pro/anti-inflammations has remained unknown. We investigated pro/anti-inflammations control, cardiovascular function, and total physiological parameters before and after 24 weeks of low volume high intensity interval training (HIIT) on a cycle ergometer along with four dietary regimes in obesity with T2D patients. Methods: 33 non-active obesity T2D patients (BMI ≥ 30) midges (47 yrs. ± 5) were volunteered to participate and randomly divided into three experimental(n = 11) [(1) LCD = low Carbohydrate Diet, (2) LFD = Low Fat Diet and (3) HFD = High Fat Diet)] and one control (n = 9) [ND = normal diet] groups. The whole groups performed underwent 8-week dietary regimes and then performed 3 days/weeks (3 set 10 × 60 s) HIIT on a cycle ergometer for 12 weeks, which followed by a 4-week diet period again. Also, prior to and after 8 weeks diet-12 weeks High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and 4 weeks diet 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), resting blood pressure, incremental maximal oxygen uptake (VO2peak) cycle ergometer test and blood sample was collected from the subjects in order to measure pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, leptin, resistin, adiponectin, and FGF21). Results: After 24 weeks of intervention, the results indicated that the highest improvement in the percentage of changes in glucose happened in LCD (−34.76), insulin in ND (+16.43), cholesterol in LCD (−33.35), LDL in LFD (−9.14), HDL in LCD (+41.81), TG in LCD (−40.71), weight in LCD (−12.49) and HOMA-IR in HFD (−6.82). The results also indicated that after 24 weeks of HIIT and diet interventions, highest benefit percentage change IL-6, resistin and leptin occurred in LCD (−32.10, −28.29 and − 53.92, respectively), TNF-α, FGF21 and adiponectin in LFD (−48.06, +55.30 and + 42.32, respectively). However, these changes were observed in other groups. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that HIIT along with low carbohydrate regimes improves overall cardiovascular parameters and reduce pro-inflammatory markers and increase anti-inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetic patients. Additionally, as with HIIT along with low carbohydrate, HIIT coupled with low fat would improve inflammation markers, though these effects were less significant. These findings suggest that HIIT along with low carbohydrate is a beneficial exercise and dietary strategy in T2D patients. © 2018, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Effects of stretching exercise training and ergonomic modifications on musculoskeletal discomforts of office workers: a randomized controlled trial

( Article . Green )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2018

Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy (18099246)22(2)pp. 144-153

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of exercise, ergonomic modification, and a combination of training exercise and ergonomic modification on the scores of pain in office workers with neck, shoulders, and lower back pain. Methods: Participants (N = 142) in this randomized controlled trial were office workers aged 20–50 years old with neck, shoulders, and lower back pain. They were randomly assigned to either the ergonomic modification group, the exercise group, the combined exercise and ergonomic modification group, or the control group (no-treatment). The exercise training group performed a series of stretching exercises, while the ergonomic group received some modification in the working place. Outcome measures were assessed by the Cornell Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire at baseline, after 2, 4, and 6 months of intervention. Results: There was significant differences in pain scores for neck (MD −10.55; 95%CI −14.36 to −6.74), right shoulder (MD −12.17; 95%CI −16.87 to −7.47), left shoulder (MD −11.1; 95%CI −15.1 to −7.09) and lower back (MD −7.8; 95%CI −11.08 to −4.53) between the exercise and control groups. Also, significant differences were seen in pain scores for neck (MD −9.99; 95%CI −13.63 to −6.36), right shoulder (MD −11.12; 95%CI −15.59 to −6.65), left shoulder (MD −10.67; 95%CI −14.49 to −6.85) and lower back (MD −6.87; 95%CI −10 to −3.74) between the combined exercise and ergonomic modification and control groups. The significant improvement from month 4 to 6, was only seen in exercise group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: To have a long term effective on MSDs, physical therapists and occupational therapists should use stretching exercises in their treatment programs rather than solely rely on ergonomic modification. Clinical trial ID: NCT02874950 – https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02874950. © 2017 Associação Brasileira de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação em Fisioterapia

Monitoring collegiate soccer players during a congested match schedule: Heart rate variability versus subjective wellness measures

( Article )

Reisi, J., Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2018

Physiology and Behavior (1873507X)194pp. 527-531

Prevalence rate of neck, shoulder and lower back pain in association with age, body mass index and gender among Malaysian office workers

( Article . Bronze • Green )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2018

Work (18759270)60(2)pp. 191-199

Randomized Controlled Trial to Examine the Impact of Aquatic Exercise Training on Functional Capacity, Balance, and Perceptions of Fatigue in Female Patients With Multiple Sclerosis

( Article . Green )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2018

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (1532821X)99(2)pp. 234-241

Relationships between cornell musculoskeletal discomfort questionnaire and online rapid office strain assessment questionnaire

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2018

Iranian Journal Of Public Health (22516085)47(11)pp. 1756-1762

Reliability and validity of a submaximal warm-up test for monitoring training status in professional soccer players

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2018

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research (10648011)32(2)pp. 326-333

Salivary testosterone and cortisol concentrations, and psychological societe francaise de medecine du sport overtraining scores as indicators of overtraining syndromes among elite soccer players[Concentracion Salivar de Testosterona-Cortisol y Puntuaciones en el Cuestionario de Sobre-entrenamiento de la Socie-dad Francesa de Medicina del Deporte como Indicadores de Sindromes de Sobre-entrenamiento en Futbolistas de Elite]

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2018

Revista de Psicologia del Deporte (19885636)27(1)pp. 155-160

The effect of aerobic exercise on dopamine release in periaqueductal gray region following the use of morphine in rat

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2018

Journal of Isfahan Medical School (10277595)36(485)pp. 717-722

2017

Effects of resistance and aerobic exercise training or education associated with a dietetic program on visfatin concentrations and body composition in overweight and obese women

( Article . Hybrid Gold )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2017

Asian Journal Of Sports Medicine (20087209)8(4)

Impact of back squat training intensity on strength and flexibility of hamstring muscle group

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2017

Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation (18786324)30(3)pp. 641-647

Kinanthropometric attributes of elite male Judo, Karate and Taekwondo athletes[Características cineantropométricas de atletas do sexo masculino de Judô, Karatê e Taekwondo][Características cineantropométricas de atletas del sexo masculino de Yudo, Karate, y Taekwondo]

( Article . Green • Gold )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2017

Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte (discontinued) (15178692)23(4)pp. 260-263

The application of a feasible exercise training program in the office setting

( Article . Green )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2017

Work (18759270)56(3)pp. 421-428

The effect of resistance exercise on lipid profile of coronary artery disease patients: A randomized clinical trial

( Article . Gold • Green )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2017

Iranian Journal Of Nursing And Midwifery Research (17359066)22(2)pp. 112-116

2016

Effects of endurance and high intensity training on ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels and arterial pressure in obese and normal weight adolescents

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2016

Physician and Sportsmedicine (23263660)44(3)pp. 208-216

Efficacy of massage on muscle soreness, perceived recovery, physiological restoration and physical performance in male bodybuilders

( Article . Green )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2016

Journal of Sports Sciences (1466447X)34(10)pp. 959-965

The effect of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise with and without caloric restriction on visfatin plasma levels and metabolic indicators in elderly postmenopausal women

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2016

Journal of Isfahan Medical School (10277595)34(392)pp. 848-856

The effect of 8-weeks exercise in water on factor VIII and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) of men with hemophilia

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2016

Journal of Isfahan Medical School (10277595)33(357)pp. 1878-1883

The effect of aerobic exercise on tendency to consumption of morphine in male Rat

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2016

Journal of Isfahan Medical School (10277595)34(394)pp. 927-932

2015

Effects of Polluted Air on Cardiovascular and Hematological Parameters After Progressive Maximal Aerobic Exercise

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2015

Lung (14321750)193(2)pp. 275-281

Intensive resistance exercise and circadian salivary testosterone concentrations among young male recreational lifters

( Article . Bronze • Green )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2015

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research (10648011)29(1)pp. 151-158

Shariat, A, Kargarfard, M, Danaee, M, and Bahri Mohd Tamrin, S. Intensive resistance exercise and circadian salivary testosterone concentrations among young male recreational lifters. J Strength Cond Res 29(1): 151-158, 2015-Strength and morphological adaptations to resistance exercise are mediated in part by anabolic hormones such as testosterone, yet the time course of variability in circadian hormone concentrations is not well characterized. This study, investigated how the circadian rhythm of salivary testosterone is altered by resistance exercise in young men. Twenty healthy young male recreational lifters (age, 18.0 ± 1.3 years) with 2 years of experience in weightlifting were recruited. A randomized controlled trial was conducted, and subjects were randomly assigned to either the resistance exercise group (n = 10), who completed a series of resistance exercise (3 times a week, in the afternoon, 6-7 repetitions, at 85% of 1 repetition maximum for 3 weeks), or a control group (n = 10), who did not exercise during the 3 weeks. Before and after the study, an unstimulated saliva sample (2 ml) was taken every 2 hours for a maximum of 16 hours during each day. A significant decrease was observed in the resistance exercise (44.2%, p = 0.001) and control group (46.1%, p = 0.001) for salivary testosterone at each time point compared with baseline (p = 0.001). There was also no significant difference between the exercise and resting conditions in both groups for salivary testosterone (p . 0.05), except a significantly higher increase by 38.4% vs. 20.02% (p = 0.001), at 1730 hours during exercise sessions in the resistance exercise group compared with the control group. Resistance exercise has no noteworthy effect on circadian secretion of salivary testosterone throughout the 16 waking hours. These results indicate that athletes can undertake resistance exercise in either the morning or afternoon with the knowledge that a similar testosterone response can be expected regardless of the time of day. © 2015 National Strength and Conditioning Association.

Prevalence and perceptions toward anabolic-androgenic steroid use amongst university students

( Article . Gold • Green )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2015

Acta Medica Bulgarica (03241750)42(2)pp. 61-67

The evaluation of BMI and serum beta-endorphin levels: The study of acute exercise intervention

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2015

Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness (18271928)55(5)pp. 488-494

2014

Comparison of the effects of 8-weeks aerobic training and resistance training on lipid profile in patients with diabetes type 2

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2014

Journal of Isfahan Medical School (10277595)32(282)

Does fasting during Ramadan alter cardiorespiratory responses, body composition, and blood lipids in athlete individual?

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2014

Journal of Isfahan Medical School (10277595)31(262)

Effects of 8 weeks of water-based exercise on the lower limb muscles strength in parkinson's patients

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2014

Koomesh (23453699)16(1)pp. 60-66

Strength-training and biological rhythm of male sex hormone among judoists

( Article . Green )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2014

Biological Rhythm Research (17444179)45(4)pp. 625-631

The effect of anthocyanin supplementation on body composition, exercise performance and muscle damage indices in athletes

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2014

International Journal Of Preventive Medicine (20088213)5(12)pp. 1594-1600

2013

Autonomic function change following a supervised exercise program in patients with congestive heart failure

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2013

Arya Atherosclerosis (22516638)9(2)pp. 150-156

Changes in speed, endurance and balance in women with multiple sclerosis after 4 and 8 weeks of aquatic exercise training

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2013

Journal of Isfahan Medical School (10277595)31(256)

The effect of aquatic exercise therapy on muscle strength and joint's range of motion in hemophilia patients

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2013

International Journal Of Preventive Medicine (20088213)4(1)pp. 50-56

2012

Can cardiac rehabilitation programs improve functional capacity and left ventricular diastolic function in patients with mechanical reperfusion after ST elevation myocardial infarction?: A double-blind clinical trial

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2012

Arya Atherosclerosis (22516638)8(3)pp. 2-2

Changes in torque and electromyography of human elbow flexors following acute eccentric exercise

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2012

Journal of Isfahan Medical School (10277595)29(170)

Effect of aquatic exercise training on fatigue and health-related quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2012

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (1532821X)93(10)pp. 1701-1708

Kargarfard M, Etemadifar M, Baker P, Mehrabi M, Hayatbakhsh R. Effect of aquatic exercise training on fatigue and health-related quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis. Objective: To examine the effectiveness of aquatic exercise training on fatigue and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in women with multiple sclerosis (MS). Design: Randomized controlled trial, 4-week and 8-week follow-up. Setting: Referral center of a multiple sclerosis society. Participants: Women (N=32) diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS (mean age ± SD, 32.6±8.0y) were recruited into this study. After undergoing baseline testing by a neurologist, participants were randomly assigned to either an intervention (aquatic exercise) or a control group. Interventions: The intervention consisted of 8 weeks supervised aquatic exercise in a swimming pool (3 times a week, each session lasting 60min). Main Outcome Measures: At baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks, fatigue and HRQOL were assessed by a blind assessor using the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale and the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 questionnaire, respectively. A mixed-model approach to repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to detect within- and between-subject effects. Results: Findings are based on 21 patients (10 from the exercise group and 11 from the control group) who had data available on outcomes. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups at the baseline. Patients in the aquatic exercise group showed significant improvements in fatigue and subscores of HRQOL after 4 and 8 weeks compared with the control group. Results obtained from the intention-to-treat analysis were consistent with those of per-protocol analysis. Conclusions: The findings suggest that aquatic exercise training can effectively improve fatigue and HRQOL of patients with MS and should be considered in the management of this relatively common public health problem. © 2012 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine.

Effects of a cardiac rehabilitation program on left ventricular systolic function and mass in patient after myocardial infarction

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2012

Journal of Isfahan Medical School (10277595)30(187)

Effects of a cardiac rehabilitation program on systolic function and left ventricular mass in patients after myocardial infarction and revascularization

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2012

Journal Of Research In Medical Sciences (17357136)17(1 SPL.1)

Effects of an 8-week aquatic exercise training on balance in patients with Parkinson's disease

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2012

Journal of Isfahan Medical School (10277595)30(178)

Background: Parkinson's disease is one of the most common central nervous system damaging diseases which mainly affects the elderly. The variety of disorders and complications associated with the disease puts the patients in so much trouble. Some of these problems include difficulty in walking and taking steps, veer, displacement, imbalance, and bent posture. Such problems have a negative effect on patients' daily functions like sitting and getting up, dressing, and personal hygiene. The purpose of this study was to survey the effects of an exercise training program in water on balance among patients with Parkinson's disease. Methods: The present quasi-experimental study used a pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical society included all Parkinson's disease patients who had referred to neurologists in Isfahan, Iran. A total number of 20 female patients were purposefully and voluntarily selected and randomly allocated to the experimental and control groups (n = 10 in each group). Subjects in the experimental group performed three 60-minute sessions of aquatic exercise therapy per week for 8 weeks. During the same period, the control group only received medications and was followed up. In the beginning and at the end of the period, the patients' balance was assessed by Berg balance score. Data was analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) at a significance level of P ≤ 0.05. Findings: In this study, balance scores of the experimental group significantly improved after the exercise period (P ≤ 0.05). However, there was no significant change in the control group (P ≥ 0.05). In addition, after 8 weeks of aquatic exercise training, balance scores of the experimental group showed a significant increase compared to the control group (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that exercise therapy in water can be used as a useful and effective method to improve balance and in turn daily functioning of Parkinson's disease patients.

Effects of an eight-week aerobic exercise program on dopamine and serotonin levels in addicted women in the central prison of Isfahan, Iran

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2012

Journal of Isfahan Medical School (10277595)30(204)

Effects of massage therapy on physical performance and perceived recovery following acute eccentric exercise in male body building athletes

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2012

Journal of Isfahan Medical School (10277595)29(171)

Effects of obesity on pulmonary function in obese, overweight, and normal students

( Article )

Kargarfard, M.

Publication Date: 2012

Journal of Isfahan Medical School (10277595)30(183)

Background: Obesity is a major public issue. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the prevalence of obesity and overweight would increase to 1.5 million individuals by 2015. Obesity is an important risk factor for many cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis, some cancers. In addition, obesity and percent of body fat seem to be associated with respiratory problems, although the mechanism of this correlation is not very clear. The purpose of this study was examining the relationship between anthropometric characteristics, body composition, and lung function in obese, overweight, and normal students. Methods: In this study, 283 secondary school students in Isfahan, Iran [age: 12.79 ± 0.88 years old, body mass index (BMI): 20 ± 39.9 kg/m2] were selected using cluster random sampling. Subjects were divided into 3 groups of obese (BMI ≥ the 95th percentile; n= 50), overweight (the 85th ≤ BMI ≤ the 95th percentile; n = 62), and normal (the 15th percentile ≤ BMI ≤ the 85th percentile; n = 171). Pulmonary function was assessed using Spirometric methods. In addition, anthropometric characteristics and body composition were measured. Findings: Our results showed the three groups of normal, overweight and obese students to be significantly different in terms of the average lung capacity and volume. Moreover, significant negative correlations were observed between anthropometric characteristics and indicators of body composition and lung function. Least significant difference post hoc test results also showed that lung function in normal students was greater than overweight and obese students. In addition, the prevalence of normal weight, overweight, and obesity among the studied students were 60.4, 21.9, and 17.7, respectively. Conclusion: Based on our results, obesity has a specific effect on lung function and reduces lung capacity and volume. However, the exact mechanism has not been well understood. Therefore, further studies in this field are required.